References:

Elements of Computer Music by F. Richard Moore (Prentice-Hall)

Computer Sound Design by Eduardo Miranda (Focal Press)

Science of Percussion Instruments by Thomas Rossing (World Scientific)

overview of software synthesis

basic filter concepts and design

real-time audio and synthesis APIs

modal synthesis

physical modeling with waveguides

physical modeling with mass-spring models

other approaches

overview of tools and applications

Real-time synthesis engine (based on Portaudio)
[more information soon...]

Audio and synthesis APIs:

Perry Cook's Stk (C++ synthesis toolkit)

Phil Burk's Jsyn (Java synthesis environment)

Kees van den Doel's JASS (Java audio synthesis)

David Zicarelli et al.'s Max/MSP

Miller Puckette's Pd

Niels Gorisse's CPS

flext (cross-platform development for MaxMSP/Pd externals)

Gary Scavone's RtAudio (real-time audio)

PortAudio (real-time audio)

Javasound

Music Information Retrieval Tool List

Julius Smith on waveguides

Stefan Bilbao on non-linear plates

Yamaha VL-1 physical modeling patents

Gregory Scandalis' movies of string and membrane vibration

Stephen Kevan's notes on physics of mass-spring models

Hans Mikelson's mass-spring emulation in Csound

Mark Pearson's Tao (toolkit for mass-spring simulations)

Jeremy Katz's instructions on porting Tao to Solaris

SF Exploratorium vowels demo

Articulatory speech synthesis with Praat

Waveguide articulatory singing voice synthesis with SPASM

Carl Nave's overview of acoustics and music instruments

Fu-Kwun Hwang's virtual physics java applets (with many wave examples)

University of New South Wales music acoustics research

Simon Fraser audio and acoustics primer

University of Iowa musical instrument samples

Search engine for sound files

Gordon Reid's articles on (mostly) subtractive synthesis

Robert Bristow-Johnson's cookbook for biquad filters