Educational psychologist, born in Vienna. She studied at King's and Birkbeck Colleges, London, and taught in primary schools until she was appointed psychologist in the Hertfordshire School Psychology and Child Guidance Service (1945-50), deputy head of the Child Study Centre (1954-63), and lecturer (senior lecturer from 1960) in educational psychology at Birmingham University (1950-63). She was director of the National Children's Bureau (1963-81), and her many publications, such as Psychological Approaches to Child Abuse (1980), have greatly influenced parent-child relationships.