ANSWER KEYS
MODULE 1
Progress Check 1
1. a. cell body; maintenance of cell.
b. axon; propagate neural impulse.
c. dendrites; receive the stimulus.
2. dendrites, cell body, axon
3. muscles, glands, other neurons
Progress Check 2
1. a. cell body; maintenance of cell.
b. axon; propagate neural impulse.
c. dendrites;
receive the stimulus.
2. dendrites
3. a,b,c,e,f
MODULE 2
Progress Check 1
1. resting
2. c
3. critical threshold value
4. b
5. a. nondecremental
b. all-or-none
6. Once a stimulus reaches a critical threshold value, the neuron
conducts at the maximum strength of which it is capable.
7. 1) d, b
2) a
3) d, c
4) c
5) b
8. 1 ) resting
2) excitatory
3) action
9. 4,3,1,2,5
Progress Check 2
1. conducting
2. 1) b
2) d
3) c
4) a
3. 266 (see page 8)
4. action
5. action
6. nondecremental transmission
all-or-none conductance
7. the all-or-none property
8. (graph)
9. 4, 3, 1 , 2, 5
10. 1) d
2) a
3) d
4) c
5) b
MODULE 3
Progress Check 1
1. inhibitory, facilitative
2. acetylcholine or ACH
3. synapse or synaptic junction
4. facilitated
5. a. Presynaptic neuron
b.Postsynaptic neuron
c.synapse or synaptic junction
6. lower it
7. reciprocal innervation
Progress Check 2
a. Presynaptic neuron
b. Postsynaptic neuron
c. muscle fiber
d. synapse or synaptic junction
2. contract
3. raised
4.acetylcholine or ACH
5.reciprocal innervation
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MODULE 4
Progress Check 1
1. peripheral
2. central
3. afferent (peripheral)
4. efferent (peripheral)
5. association
6. a. S
b. A
c. E
d. S
e. E
7. reflex (simple)
8. spinal cord
Progress Check 2
1. peripheral
2. central
3. a
4. effecters (muscles or glands)
5. association neurons
6. afferent, efferent, association
7. association
8. a
MODULE 5
Progress Check 1
1. somatic, autonomic
2. sympathetic
3. motor, sensory
4. autonomic system
5. somatic
6. parasympathetic
7. To indicate where the parts of your body are at any given moment.
8. sympathetic
9. A feedback system is one which uses information from an event to control the course of related subsequent events.
10. somatic system
Progress Check 2
1. somatic, autonomic
2. smooth muscles, glands, heart muscle
3. skeletal (striped, striated)
4. equilibrium
5. sympathetic
6. proprioceptive; feedback
7. b,c
8. somatic
a. sympathetic
b. autonomic
c. peripheral
d. parasympathetic
MODULE 6
Progress
Check 1
1. 1 )Thalamus--relays sensory impulses to specific areas
of the cortex.
2)Hypothalamus--functions in emotional expression, hun-
ger, thirst, sex.
3)RAS--relays sensory impulses to many areas of the
cortex--acts as an alert.
4)Medulla--mediates vital life functions.
5)Cerebellum--smooths and coordinates muscular activi-
ty.
6)Spinal cord--major pathway to and from the brain.
2. He would be in a deep coma (sleep).
3. He would be dead.
4. He would not be able to coordinate his body's movements; shuffling gait.
5. When one area of the brain is destroyed or damaged, another area may take over the function.
6. frontal
7. temporal
8. parietal
9. temporal, occipital
Progress Check 2
1. a. RAS, 3
b. Cerebellum, 6
c. Medulla, 4
2. When one area of the brain is destroyed or damaged, an intact area may take over the function.
3. thalamus
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4. RAS 5. a, c 6. a.central fissure; somesthetic projection area b. 3 c. 1 d. visual projection area; occipital lobe e. auditory projection area (part of temporal lobe)
MODULE 7
Progress Check 1
1. A mechanism which tends to maintain the balance of physiological processes.
2. a. Mobilizes the body in stressful situations
b. Controls metabolic rate
c. Functions in carbohydrate metabolism, water balance
d. Maintain male sexual behavior
3. a, b
4. a. A gland that secretes a hormone directly into the
bloodstream.
b. A gland that secretes through a duct.
5. somatotropic hormone or growth-stimulating hormone
6. ACTH or adrenocorficotrophic hormone
7. the gonads (ovaries and testes)
8. Action of the sympathetic nervous system
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Progress Check 2
1.* a.Pituitary
b. Thyroid
c. Testes
d. Adrenal medulla
e. Ovaries
f Pituitary
g. Adrenal cortex
h. Pituitary
2. maintains a balance between physiological processes
3.. Endocrine glands do not have ducts; exocrine glands have
ducts.
Endocrine glands are controlled by the pituitary gland;
exocrine glands are not.
4. pituitary gland; adrenal cortex; thyroxin
5. over-activity
6. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
*Special note. The activity of the pituitary gland is so broad that it could easily be argued that all of these functions are affected by it.
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