Policy of Expansion
Britain became an imperial province

Aulus Plautus first governor
Problems in Wales

British leader Caratacus fled there
Minor campaigns there in the 40s and 50s
Romans defeated twice
Finally captured Caratacus

Change in policy

In the late 50s
Suetonius Paullinus appointed governor
Led attack on Wales
Successful

By 60 CE southern Britain in control of Rome

Boudicca Revolt 61/0

Prasutagus, king of Iceni

Left half of estate to Nero
Other half to his wife, Boudicca

Roman procurator mistreats the heirs

Tries to take all
Flogs Boudicca

Boudicca plots revenge

Gets the aid of the Trinovantes
Suetonius away in Wales

She marches on Colchester

Colonists take refuge in Temple of Claudius
Town captured
Inhabitants killed
Town burnt

Suetonius leaves Wales

Londinium
Situation there desperate
No troops available
Decides to abandon town
Inhabitants

Some leave with him
Some to Silchester
Other stayed

Boudicca arrived

Captured town
Slaughtered inhabitants

Death by sword or cross
Large number of skulls found

Area of Walbrook
140 skulls
Ritual head-hunting
Heads thrown in the water

Burnt Londinium

Marched against Verulamium

Captured and burnt the town
Slaughtered the inhabitants

Tacitus

70,000 killed
3 towns destroyed

Suetonius fled N-W

Rejoined the rest of his army
Used auxiliaries in his legions
Armies met and the rebels were defeated
Each tribe continued to fight on its own

Change in policy under Vespasian

Conquest of whole of island (70-89 CE)
Defeat of Brigantes

Ousted pro-Roman queen
She fled to Romans
Defeated by Romans
10 years later occupied lands

Settler problem in Wales

New governor Frontinus
System of garrisons

Julius Agricola

Appointed governor
Occupied Brigantian territory
Within six years extended Roman control into Scotland

After 86 CE initiative lost

Did not move into highlands
Too expensive
Agricola recalled to Rome
Retrenchment of troops
Withdrew out of Scotland
New forts built

York
Chester
Caerleon

Internet

Tacitus