I. SCOPE, CONTENT AND EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME

Black Studies (BLS) began as an insurgent and innovative field with the mission of transforming the traditional hegemonic discourse pertaining to people of African descent in the Americas. Its responsibilities are to advance student ‘s knowledge of the basic concepts, theories and new methodologies and paradigms (intrinsic to the Black perspective) for studying Black People in world history, while promoting the development of student expertise in an area of special individual competence. The emerging discipline is interdisciplinary, multidimensional and non-traditional. Case studies are drawn from Africa, the Caribbean and the Americas. The course should enable students to understand the dynamics of one or several aspects of the multi-faceted Black experience. It should also enable students to understand and analyze environmental constraints and opportunities which challenge Black advancement.

II. OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the course are many:

1) Students should be familiar with poignant literature on Black experience.

2) Students will gain a keen understanding of one or some aspects of Black societies and cultures.

3) Students will acquire a few techniques and methods to proceed with their future research and professional practice in the process of exploration of community studies.

4) Students will be able to understand and discus the working of some Black institutions.

5) Students will know and understand the foundation of the social and cultural context which led to the development of African American communities.

III. COURSE REQUIREMENTS

Courses meet on Tuesday and Thursday for lectures and films. There will be two periods of lectures, one period of discussions, and one period of audio-visuals on African American experience. Discussions and audio-visuals are an integral part of the course. The lectures will emphasize important materials in the reading. But the objectives of the course are to be reached in large measure by extensive reading and by class discussion of the required reading. Active and meaningful participation with contribution drawn from reference readings is strongly encouraged.

IV. GRADING POLICY

1) Students will take two brief exams, which will cover the required reading, and lectures and required materials placed in the Reserve Library (40 percent of the grade)

2) Students’ Class Participation (10 percent).

3) Students have to write three (3) five page-book reviews, selected from books linked to one of the theme of the course (50 percent5 of the grade).

Review # 1 is due:

Review # 2 is due:

Review # 3 is due:

V. REQUIRED TEXTS

1) D.T. Niane, Sundiata: An Epic of Old Mali (Heinemann, 1964)

2) A.Y.Yansané, “ Elements of Cultural, Political and Economic Universals in West Africa”, in Asante & Asante (Editors), African Culture: The Rhythm of Unity (Westport, Ct &London: Greenwood Press, 1985)

3) St Clair Drake, The Redemption of Africa and Black Religion (Chicago: Third World Press, 1970).

4) St Clair Drake, Black Folk: Here and There: An Essay in History and Anthropology, Vol. 1 or Vol.2 (Los Angeles: UCLA Center for Afro-American Studies, 1987, or 1990).

VI. BOOKS TO BE REVIEWED

FIRST LIST OF BOOKS TO BE REVIEWED

1. Anderson, Elijah and Zuberi, Tukufu (eds.), The Study of African Americans Problems: W.E.B. DuBois’s Agenda, Then and Now, (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2000).

2. Andrews, Marcellus, The Political Economy of Hope and Fear: Capitalism and the Black Condition in America, (New York: New York University Press, 1999).

3. Banner-Haley, Charles Pete T., To Do Good and To Do Well: Middle Class Blacks and the Depression, Philadelphia, 1929-1941, (New York: Garland, 1993).

4. Bodenhorn, Howard, The Complexion Gap: The Economic Consequences of Color Among Free African Americans in the Rural Antebellum South, (Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002).

5. Classen, Stephen D., Watching Jim Crow: The Struggles over Mississippi TV, 1955-1969, (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2004).

6. Cohen, William, At Freedom’s Edge: Black Mobility and the Southern White Quest for Racial Control, 1861-1915, (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991).

7. Collins, William J., The Political Economy of Race, 1940-1964: The Adoption of State-Level Fair Employment Legislation, (Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000).

8. Collum, Danny Duncan, Black and White Together: The Search for Common Ground, (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1996).

9. Conley, Dalton, Being Black, Living in the Red: Race, Wealth, and Social Policy in America, (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1999).

10. Craig, Lee A., Nutritional Status and Agricultural Surpluses in the Antebellum United States, (Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997).

11. Gilbert, Charlene, Homecoming: The Story of African American Farmers, (Boston: Beacon Press, 2000).

12. Hamilton, Kenneth (ed.), compiled by Lester, Robert E. A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of Records of the National Negro Business League, (Bethesda, MD: University Publications of America, 1995).

13. Harris, J. William, Deep Souths: Delta, Piedmont and Sea Island Society in the Age of Segregation, (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 2001).

14. Haynes, Bruce D., Red Lines, Black Spaces: The Politics of Race and Space in a Black Middle-Class Suburb, (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001).

15. Holloway, Jonathan Scott, Confronting the Veil: Abram Harris, Jr., E. Franklin Frazier, and Ralph Bunche, 1919-1941, (Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 2002).

16. Holt, Sharon Ann, Making Freedom Pay: North Carolina Freedpeople Working for Themselves, 1865-1900, (Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press, 2000).

17. House-Soremekun, Bessie, Confronting the Odds: African American Entrepreneurship in Cleveland, Ohio, (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2002).

18. Johnson, Whittington Bernard, Black Savannah, 1788-1864, (Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press, 1996).

19. Johnson, Whittington Bernard, The Promising Years, 1750-1830: The Emergence of Black Labor and Business, (New York: Garland, 1993).

20. Jones, Jacqueline, American Work: Four Centuries of Black and White Labor, (New York: W.W. Norton, 1998).

21. Katz, Michael B. (ed.), The “Underclass” Debate: Views from History, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1993).

22. Kenzer, Robert C., Enterprising Southerners: Black Economic Success in North Carolina, 1865-1915, (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1997).

23. Kijakazi, Kilolo, African American Economic Development and Small Business Ownership, (New York: Garland, 1997).

24. LeBlanc, Paul (ed.), Black Liberation and the American Dream: The Struggle for Racial and Economic Justice: Analysis, Strategy, Readings, (Amherst, N.Y.: Humanity Books, 2003).

25. Leiman, Melvin M., Political Economy of Racism, (London, Boulder: Pluto Press, 1993).

26. Lewis, Earl, In Their Own Interests: Race, Class, and Power in Twentieth-Century Norfolk, Virginia, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).

27. Mandle, Jay R., Not Slave, Not Free: The African American Economic Experience Since the Civil War, (Durham: Duke University Press, 1992).

28. McBroome, Delores Nason, Parallel Communities: African Americans in California’s East Bay, 1850-1963, (New York: Garland Pub., 1993).

29. Mullins, Paul R., Race and Affluence: An Archaeology of African America and Consumer Culture, (New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999).

30. Nesbitt, Francis Njubi, Race for Sanctions: African Americans Against Apartheid, 1946-1994, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004).

31. Nieman, Donald G. (ed.), Freedom, Racism and Reconstruction: Collected Writings of LaWanda Cox, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997).

32. Niemonen, Jack, Race, Class, and the State in Contemporary Sociology: The William Julius Wilson Debates, (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner Publications, 2002).

33. Okihiro, Gary Y., Storied Lives: Japanese American Students and World War II, (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1999).

34. Penningroth, Dylan C., The Claims of Kinfolk: African American Property and Community in the Nineteenth-Century South, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003).

35. Phillips, Kimberley L., AlabamaNorth: African American Migrants, Community, and Working-Class Activism in Cleveland, 1915-45, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999).

36. Pryor, T.M., Wealth Building Lessons of Booker T. Washington for a New Black America, (Edgewood, MD: Duncan & Duncan, 1995).

37. Ransom, Roger L., Sutch, Richard, One Kind of Freedom: Reconsidered (and Turbo Charge)The Economic Consequences of Emancipation, (Cambridge MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000).

38. Ransom, Roger L., Sutch, Richard, One Kind of Freedom: The Economic Consequences of Emancipation, (Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001).

39. Richardson, Heather Cox, The Death of Reconstruction: Race, Labor and Politics in the Post-Civil War North, 1965-1901, (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001).

40. Schweninger, Loren, Black Property Owners in the South, 1790-1915, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990).

41. Scott, Daryl Michael, “Immigrant Indigestion”: A. Phillip Randolph, Radical and Restrictionist, (Washington, D.C.: Center for Immigration Studies, 1999).

42. Self, Robert O., American Babylon: Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland, (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003).

43. Stein, Judith, Running Steel, Running America: Race, Economic Policy and the Decline of Liberalism, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998).

44. Tate, Gayle T., Unknown Tongues: Black Women’s Political Activism in the Antebellum Era, 1830-1860, (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2003).

45. Taylor, Henry Louis and Hill, Walter (eds.), Historical Roots of the Urban Crisis: African Americans in the Industrial City, 1900-1950, (New York: Garland Pub., 2000).

46. Taylor, Henry Louis (ed.), Race and the City: Work, Community, and Protest in Cincinnati, 1820-1970, (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993).

47. Thompson, Heather Ann, Whose Detroit?: Politics, Labor, and Race in a Modern American City, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001).

48. Wiese, Andrew, Places of Their Own: African American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004).

49. Wilder, Craig Steven, A Covenant With Color: Race and Social Power in Brooklyn, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000).

50. Wilson, Bobby M., America’s Johannesburg: Industrialization and Racial Transformation in Birmingham, (Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000).

51. Wolcott, Victoria W., Remaking Respectability: African American Women in Interwar Detroit, (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001).

52. Woods, Clyde Adrian, Development Arrested: The Blues and Plantation Power in the Mississippi Delta, (London & New York: Verso, 1998).

53. Wynter, Leon E., American Skin: Pop Culture, Big Business, and the End of White America, (New York: Crown Publishers, 2002).

SECOND LIST OF BOOKS TO BE REVIEWED

1. Albelda, Randy, Robert W. Drago, and Steven Shelman, Unlevel Playing Fields: Understanding Wage Inequality and Discrimination, (Cambridge, MS: Economic Affairs Bureau, 2001).

2. Anelauskas, Valdas, Discovering America As It Is, (Atlanta, GA: Clarity Press, Inc., 2003).

3. Applebaum, Eileen, Annette Barhnarft, and Richard Murnane (eds.), Low Wage America: How Employers are Reshaping Opportunity in the Workplace, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003).

4. Aronowitz, Stanley, The Last Good Job in America: Work and Education in the New Global Technostructure, (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2001).

5. Bacon, David, The Children of NAFTA, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004).

6. Baumol, William, Alan Blinder, and Edward Wolff, Downsizing in America: Reality, Causes and Consequences, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003).

7. Beito, David, Peter Gordon, and Alexander Tabrrok (eds.), The Voluntary City: Choice, Community and Civil Society, (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002).

8. Bender, Daniel E. and Richard Geenwald (eds.), Sweatshop, USA: American Sweatshops in Historical and Global Perspective, (New York: Routledge, 2003).

9. Boyd Herb (ed.), Race and Resistance: African-Americans in the 21st Century, (Boston: South End Press, 2002).

10. Brainard, Lael, Carol,Graham, Nigel Purvis, Steven Radelet, and Gayle Smith, The Other War: Global Poverty and The Millennium Challenge Account, (Washington, DC: Brookings, 2003).

11. Broad, Robin (ed.), Global Backlash: Citizen Initiatives For a Just World Economy, (Lanham, MD: Roman & Littlefield, 2002).

12. Burgess, Katrina, Parties and Unions in the New Global Economy, (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2004).

13. Cohen, Jeffrey H. and Norbert Dannhaeuser (eds.), Economic Development: An Anthropological Approach, (Walnut Creek, CA.: AltaMira Press, 2002).

14. Collins, Jane L., Threads: Gender, Labor and Power in the Global Apparel Industry, (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2003).

15. Daley-Harris, Sam, Pathways out of Poverty: Innovations in Microfinance From the Poorest Families, (W. Hartford, Ct: Kumarian, 2002).

16. Daum, Andreas, Lloyd Gardner, and Wilfred Mausbach (eds.), America, The Vietnam War, and the World: Comparative and International Perspectives, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003).

17. Dooley, David and Joann Prause, The Social Costs of Underemployment: Inadequate Employment as Disguised Unemployment, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004).

18. Featherstone, Liza and United Students Against Sweatshops, Students Against Sweatshops, (New York: Verso, 2002).

19. Firebaugh, Glenn, The New Geography of Global Income Inequality, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003).

20. Fisher, William F. and Thomas Ponniah (Eds.), Another World Is Possible: Popular Alternatives to Globalization at the World Social Forum, (London: Zed Books, 2003).

21. Gassler, Robert Scott, Beyond Profit and Self-Interest: Economics With a Broader Scope, (Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, 2003).

22. Gibson-Graham, J.K., Stephen Resnick, and Richard Wolff (eds.), Re/Presenting Class: Essays in Postmodern Marxism, (Durham NC: Duke University Press, 2001).

23. Gunn, Christopher, Third Sector Development: Making Up for the Market, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004).

24. Gutierrez, Martha (ed.), Macroeconomics: Making Gender Matter, (London: Zed Books, 2003).

25. Herod, Andrew, Labor Geographies: Workers and the Landscapes of Capitalism, (New York: Guilford Press, 2001).

26. Hornborg, Alf, The Power of the Machine: Global Inequalities of Economy, Technology and Environment, (Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press; 2001).

27. Kaplan, Temma, Taking Back the Streets: Women, Youth and Direct Democracy, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004).

28. King, Mary C. (ed.), Squaring Up: Policy Strategies for Raising Women's Incomes in the U.S., (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2001).

29. Levin-Waldman, Oren M., The Case of the Minimum Wage: Competing Policy Models, (Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, 2001).

30. Macarov, David, What the Market Does to People: Privatization, Globalization and Poverty, (Atlanta: Clarity Press–Zed Books, 2003).

31. Mastracci, Sharon H., Breaking Out of the Pink-Collar Ghetto: Policy Solutions for Non-College Women, (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2004).

32. Mills, Charles W., From Class to Race: Essays in White Marxism and Black Radicalism, (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003).

33. Minns, Richard. The Cold War in Welfare: Stock Markets Versus Pensions, (New York: Verso, 2001).

34. Mutari, Ellen and Deborah Figart (eds.), Women and the Economy: A Reader, (Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, 2001).

35. Norberg-Hodge, Helena, Todd Merrifield and Steven Gorelick, Bringing the Food Economy Home: Local Alternatives to Global Agribusiness, (W. Hartford, Ct: Kumarian, 2003).

36. Norris, Pippa, Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty and the Internet Worldwide, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

37. Olson, Laura Katz, The Not-So-Golden Years: Caregiving, the Frail Elderly, and the Long-Term Care Establishment, (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003).

38. Perelman, Michael, The Pathology of the U.S. Economy Revisited: The Intractable Contradictions of Economic Policy, (London: Palgrave 2002).

39. Phelps, Edmund S. (ed.), Designing Inclusion: Tools to Raise Low-End Pay and Employment in Private Enterprise, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004).

40. Prashad, Vijay, Keeping Up With The Dow Joneses: Debt, Prison, Workfare, (Boston, South End Press, 2001).

41. Raworth, Kate, Trading Away Our Rights: Women Working in Global Supply Chains, (London: Stylus, 2004).

42. Razavi, Shahra (ed.), Shifting Burdens: Gender and Agrarian Change Under Neoliberalism, (W. Hartford, Ct: Kumarian, 2002).

43. Russell, Judith, Economics, Bureaucracy, and Race: How Keynesians Misguided the War on Poverty, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004).

44. Sarkoff, Vladimir. Bleeding Bull: The Stock Market Bubble and the American Middle Class, (Eugene, OR.: Red Eye Books, 2001).

45. Sklar, Holly, Laryssa Mykyta, and Susan Wefald, Raise the Floor: Wages and Policies That Work for All of Us, (Cambridge, MA: South End Press 2002).

46. Sowell, Thomas, Applied Economics: Thinking Beyond Stage One, (NY: Basic Books, 2004),

47. Sowell, Thomas, Basic Economics: A Citizen’s Guide to the Economy, (NY: Basic Books, 2004),

48. Turner, Terisa and Leigh Bownhill (eds.), Gender, Feminism and the Civil Commons, (Special issue of Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 2004).

49. Yunus, Muhammad, Banker to the Poor: Microlending and the Battle Against World Poverty, New York: Public Affairs, 2003)

50. Zweig, Michael (ed.), What’s Class Got to Do With It?: American Society in the XXI Century, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004).

THIRD SET OF BOOKS TO BE REVIEWED

1. Andrisani, Paul J., Simon Hakim, and E.S. Savas (eds.), The New Public Management: Lessons from Innovating Governors and Mayors, (Boston: Kluwer Academic, 2002).

2. Carnes, Tony and Anna Karpathakis (eds.), New York Glory: Religions in the City, (New York: New York University Press, 2001).

3. Collins, Thomas W. and John D. Wingard (eds.), Communities and Capital: Local Struggles Against Corporate Power and Privatization, (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000).

4. Davis, Mike, City of Quartz: Excavating the Future of Los Angeles, (New York: Vintage, 1990).

5. Denhardt, Janet V. and Robert B. Denhardt, The New Public Service: Serving, Not Steering, (Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2002).

6. Dluhy, Milan J., Howard A. Frank and Harvey A. Averch, The Miami Fiscal Crisis: Can a Poor City Regain Its Prosperity? (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2000).

7. Domosh, Mona and Joni Seager, Putting Women in Place: Feminist Geographers Make Sense of the World, (New York: Guilford, 2001).

8. Elkind, Sarah S., Bay Cities and Water Politics: The Battle for Resources in Boston and Oakland, (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1998).

9. Fabricant, Michael B. and Robert Fisher, Settlement Houses Under Siege: The Struggle to Sustain Community Organizations in New York City, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002).

10. Flores, Juan, From Bomba to Hip Hop: Puerto Rican Culture and Latino Identity, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000).

11. Goetz, Edward G., Clearing the Way: Deconcentrating the Poor in Urban America, (Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press, 2003).

12. Gottdiener, Mark, (ed.), New Forms of Consumption: Consumers, Culture and Commodification, (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2000).

13. Gottdiener, Mark, The Theming of America: Visions, Dreams, and Commercial Spaces, (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1997).

14. Hays, R. Allen, Who Speaks for the Poor? (New York: Garland, 2001).

15. Hernandez, Ramona, The Mobility of Workers Under Advanced Capitalism: Dominican Migration to the United States, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002).

16. Jacobs, Ronald M., Race, Media and the Crisis of Civil Society: From Watts to Rodney King, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002).

17. Kamieniecki, S. and Mr. Kraft (eds), Series Preface, vii-viii. In Taking Sustainable Cities Seriously: Economic Development, the Environment, and Quality of Life in American Cities, (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003).

18. Keil, R., “From Los Angeles to Seattle: World City Politics and the New Global Resistance.” In From ACT UP to the WTO: Urban Protest and Community Building in the Era of Globalization, edited by B. Shepard and R. Hayduk, (New York: Verso, 2002).

19. Keller, Suzanne, Community: Pursuing the Dream, Living the Reality, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003).

20. Klinenberg, Eric, Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002).

21. Kusno, Abidin, Behind the Postcolonial: Architectures, Urban Space and Political Cultures in Indonesia, (London: Routledge Kegan Paul, 2000).

22. Lofland, Lyn, The Public Realm: Exploring the City’s Quintessential Social Territory, New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1998).

23. Lowes, Mark Douglas, Indy Dreams and Urban Nightmares: Speed Merchants, Spectacle and the Struggle over Public Spaces in the World-Class City, (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002).

24. Marcuse, Peter and Ronald van Kempen (eds.), Globalizing Cities: A New Spatial Order? (Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2000).

25. Marcuse, Peter and Ronald van Kempen (eds.), Of States and Cities: The Partitioning of Urban Space, (Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2000).

26. Mattson, Gary Armes, Small Towns, Sprawl and the Politics of Policy Choices: The Florida Experience, (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2002).

27. McLaren, D., Environmental Space, Equity and the Ecological Debt. In Just Sustainabilities: Development in an Unequal World, edited by Julian Agyeman, Robert Bullard, and Bob Evans, (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003).

28. Neiman, Max, Defending Government: Why Big Government Works, (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2000).

29. Nevarez, Leonard, New Money, Nice Town: How Capital Works in the New Urban Economy, (New York: Routledge Kegan Paul, 2002).

30. Orsi, Robert A. (ed.), Gods of the City: Religion and the American Urban Landscape, (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999).

31. Pierson, John and Joan Smith (eds.), Rebuilding Community: Policy and Practice in Urban Regeneration, (New York: Palgrave, 2001).

32. Pritchett, Wendell, Brownsville, Brooklyn: Blacks, Jews, and the Changing Face of the Ghetto, (Chicago: Oxford University Press, 2002).

33. Portney, Kent E., Taking Sustainable Cities Seriously: Economic Development, the Environment, and Quality of Life in American Cities, (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003).

34. Ramos-Zayas, Ana Y., National Performances: The Politics of Class, Race, and Space in Puerto Rican Chicago, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003).

35. Rees, Martha W. and Josephine Smart (eds.), Plural Globalities in Multiple Localities: New World Borders, (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2001).

36. Roseland, M., Towards Sustainable Communities: Resources for Citizens and Their Governments, (Gabriola Island, BC: New Society, 1998).

37. Roy, Ananya, City Requiem, Calcutta: Gender and the Politics of Poverty, (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2003).

38. Satterthwaite, Ann, Going Shopping: Consumer Choices and Community Consequences, (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001).

39. Savitch, Hank V. and Paul Kantor, Cities in the International MarketPlace: The Political Economy of Urban Development in North America and Western Europe, (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2002).

40. Shiel, Mark and Tony Fitzmaurice, Cinema and the City: Film and Urban Societies in a Global Context, (Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 2001).

41. Sorkin, Michael (ed.), Variations on a Theme Park: The New American City and the End of Public Space, (New York: Farrar, Strauss & Giroux, 1992).

42. Spirou, Costas and Larry Bennett, It’s Hardly Sportin’: Stadiums, Neighborhoods, and the New Chicago, (Dekalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2003).

43. Srinivas, Smriti, Landscapes of Urban Memory: The Sacred and the Civic in India’s High-Tech City, (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2001).

44. Stein, Lana, St. Louis Politics: The Triumph of Tradition, (Missouri Historical Society Press, 2002).

45. Strom, Elizabeth A., Building the New Berlin: The Politics of Urban Development in Germany’s Capital City, (New York: Lexington Books, 2001).

46. Sung, Hung-En, The Fragmentation of Policing in American Cities: Toward an Ecological Theory of Police-Citizen Relations, (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002).

47. Vigar, Geoff, the Politics of Mobility: Transport, the Environment, and Public Policy, (New York: Spon Press, 2002).

48. Wilder, Craig Steven, In the Company of Black Men: The African Influence on African American Culture in New York City, (New York: New York University Press, 2001).

49. Zukin, Sharon, The Cultures of Cities, (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1995).

VII. CLASS OUTLINE

WEEK 1: Methodologies

WEEK 2: Sundiata

WEEK 3: Sundiata

WEEK 4: “Elements of Cultural, Political and Economic Universals in West Africa”

WEEK 5: The Redemption of Africa and Black Religion

WEEK 6: The Redemption of Africa and Black Religion

WEEK 7: Black Folk, Here and There (Vol. 1)

Chapter 1

WEEK 8: Black Folk, Here and There (Vol. 1)

Chapter 2

WEEK 9: Black Folk, Here and There (Vol. 1)

Chapter 3

WEEK 10: Black Folk, Here and There (Vol. 2)

Chapter 4

WEEK 11: Black Folk, Here and There (Vol. 2)

Chapter 5

WEEK 12: Black Folk, Here and There (Vol. 2)

Chapter 6

WEEK 13: Black Folk, Here and There (Vol.2)

Chapter 7

WEEK 14: Review

CONCLUSION

BLS280 San Francisco State University    Instructors: Théophile Obenga
College of Ethnic Studies      Office Phone: (415) 338-2698
Black Studies 280 (Introduction to African Philosophy) Fax: (415) 338-1693
e-mail: tobenga@sfsu.edu
A.Y. Yansané
Office Phone: (415) 338-2495
Fax: (415) 338-2880
        e-mail: aymouke@sfsu.edu
Website: http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~aymouke

INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

I. SCOPE, CONTENT AND EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOME
The course will examine the nature and range of reflections on basic aspects of human experience, thought and activity inspired by African groups, societies and their environments. It explores the basic cosmological, psychological and sacred teachings, conveyed either through arts and architecture or through rituals. It also gives a vision of the world; as such African philosophy is a tool of national construction and contributes ultimately to achieving human happiness. This philosophy plays an important role in solving problems of everyday life as well as problems of other intellectual disciplines. Knowledge of philosophy enhances our power. It contributes precisely to the articulation of the intellectual heritage of humanity, as the envisioned "multiculturalism" is not yet built.

The objectives of the course are the following:

1) to introduce students to the globality of African experience;

2) to compare, contrast and parallel this experience with others such as the Chinese, Mayas and Europeans;

3) to promote students' openness to the world and thereby transcend their own cultural boundaries;

4) to explore the distant physical space and the future, which must not be limited by the ethnic or national parameters;

5) to inform students about the dynamics of cultural and philosophical syncretism, which will make them more conscious of the enriching aspects of human experience;

6) to think specifically of African cosmological representation and construction of the world;

7) to gauge the extent at which Africa is not and must not be isolated from the world.

8) In sum, the Introduction to AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY will enhance students' processes of intellectual enlightenment.

II. COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Prerequisite: None.
Classes meet Monday and Wednesday for lectures and Friday for films. There will be two periods of lectures and one period of discussions or audio/visuals on Introduction to African Philosophy, per week. Discussions and audio/visuals are an integral part of the course. The lectures will emphasize important materials in the reading. But the objectives of the course are to be reached in large measure by extensive reading and by class discussion of the required reading. Active and meaningful participation, with contributions drawn from reference readings is strongly encouraged.

III. GRADING POLICY
1) Two brief exams will cover the required reading, lecture and audio/visual materials (40 percent of grade).
2) Students have to write three (3) seven-page book reviews, selected from books linked to one of the themes of the course (50 percent of grade). The three (3) books must be selected from three first, second and third list of books to be reviewed, attached to the syllabus. The three (3) books must be cleared with the instructor during the second week of the semester.
Review #1 is due: September 28, 2000 Review #2 is due: October 26, 2000
Review #3 is due: November 21, 2000
3) Class participation: 10 percent

IV. REQUIRED TEXT
P.H. Coetzee and A.P.J. Roux (eds.), The African Philosophy Reader, London & New York: Routledge, 1998.

V. BOOKS FOR REVIEW
A composite of three readings from the separate attachment of the following lists:
First Set of Books for Review
Second Set of Books for Review
Third Set of Books for Review:

VI. CLASS OUTLINE
Week 1-2 Reading: A.Y. Yansané, Cultural, Political and Economic Universals in West Africa, in M.K. & K.W. Asante (eds.), African Culture, 1990, pp. 39-68
Reference Readings:
Rene Descartes, Discourse on Method.
Immanuel Kant, Logic.
Films: The Africans: A Triple Heritage
1. The Nature of a Continent
2. A Legacy of Lifestyle 1. Introduction Scientific Method
2. Introduction to Africa:
3. Definition of Concepts:
? Ethics, Morale, Logic, Metaphysics and Psychology
? Science and Scientific Method
? Sources of Human Knowledge
? Extent of Use of Knowledge
? Limits of Reason
? Cognition, Modality, Certainty, Truth, Opinion, Belief, Judgment, Prejudice

Week 3-4 Films:
3. New Gods
4. Tools of Exploitation What is Philosophy?
? Meaning of this Greek compound word
? Origin of Philosophy
? Philosophy as a discipline
? Importance of Philosophy

Week 5-6 Reading:
? D.N. Kaphagawani, What is African Philosophy? p. 86.
? H.O. Oruka, Sage Philosophy, p. 99.
? K. Wiredu, The Moral Foun-dations of an African Culture, p.306
? K. Gyekye, Person & Community in African Thought, p. 317
? S. Biko, African Consciousness, p.300
Films:
5. New Confllicts
6. In Search of Stability What is African Philosophy?
? Western Philosophy as studied and taught by Africans in Africa
? Cultural anthropology; ethnographic data; world view
? Approach to the History of African Philosophy from Antiguity to Contemporary Period

Week 7-8 Films:
7. A Garden of Eden in Decay
8. A Clash of Cultures African Philosophy of the Pharaonic Period
? Concepts: Nun, Maât, R?, etc.
? Philosophic & Scientific Themes: genesis, evil, death, mathematics, etc.
? Comparison with Modern African Cosmogony: Dogon, Mandingue-Bambara
? 2 films
Week 9-10 Reference Reading:
? D. Brokensha & M. Crowder (eds.), Africa in the Wider World, J. Newton Hill, Art, pp. 35-55; J.H. Kwabena Nketia, Musicology,
? D.T. Niane, Sundiata.
Films:
9. Global Africa
10. Genesis African Art/Philosophy:
? Art
? Literature
? Music
? 2 films
Week 11-12 Reference Reading:
? Kwame Nkrumah, Consciencism.
? Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze (ed.), Post Colonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader.
Films:
11. Everyones Child
12. Guelvaar Philosophy & Decolonization:
? African Personality (Nkrumah)
? Negritude & African Socialism (Senghor)
? 2 films
Week 13-14 Films:
13.Trends in African Philosophies/ Development Context of Comparative Philosophy
Students Class Discussions

INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

FIRST SET OF BOOKS FOR REVIEW
1. Mbiti, African Philosophy.
2. Danguah, The Akan Doctrine of God.
3. William Abraham, The Mind of Africa.
4. Theophile Obenga, African Philosophy.
5. Placide Tempels, Bantu Philosophy.
6. Emmanuel Obiechina, Culture, Tradition and Society in West Africa.
7. "Early Christianity in Africa," Tarikh, Vol. 2, No. 1.
8. "Christianity in Modern Africa," Tarikh, Vol. 3, No. 1.
9. "Akan History and Culture," Tarikh, Vol. 2, No. 1.
10. J. Spenser Trimingham, A History of Islam in West Africa.
11. K.L. Little, The Mende of Sierra Leone.
12. Theophile Obenga, The Bantus.
13. Leo Frobenius, African Civilization.
14. Kwame Nkrumah, Consciencism: Philosophy & Ideology for Decolonization.
15. Marcel Griaule, Conversations with Ogotemmeli.
15. M. Fortes & G. Dieterlen, African Systems of Thought.
16. Theophilus Okerue, African Philosophy.
17. B. Abanuka, A New Essay on African Philosophy, 1994.
18. Anton William Amo, The Art of Philosophising Soberly and Accurately, 1990.
19. G.E. Azenabor, Understanding the Problems of African Philosophy, 1998.
20. Ernest Beyaraza, Contemporary Relativism with Special Reference to Culture and Africa, 1994.
21. Maduabuchi Dukor, Theistic Humanism: Philosophy of Scientific Africanism, 1994.
22. Marie Pauline B. Eboh, Philosophic Essays: Critique of Social Praxis, 1996.
23. Segun Gbadegesin, African Philosophy: Traditional Yoruba Philosophy and Contemporary African Realities, 1991.
24. Lewis Gordon, Her Majestys Other Children: Sketches of Racism from a Neocolonial Age, 1997.
25. Joseph A. Ilori, Moral Philosophy in African Context: For Universities and Colleges of Education, 1994.
26. Samuel Oluoch Imbo, An Introduction to African Philosophy, 1998.
27. Chukwunyere Kamalu, Foundations of African Thought: A Worldview Grounded in the African Heritage of Religion, Philosophy, Science and Art, 1990.
28. James H. Breasted, Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1972 (1st ed., 1912, 1959).
29. Henri Frankfort, et al., Before Philosophy: The Intellectual Adventure of Ancient Man, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1946, 1949, 1951.
30. Miriam Lichtheim, Ancient Egyptian Literature, 3 Vols., Berkeley, Los Angeles & London: University of California Press, 1973, 1975, 1976, 1980.

SECOND SET OF BOOKS FOR REVIEW
31. Abanuka, B. (Bartholomew), A New Essay on African Philosophy, Nsukka, Nigeria: Spiritan Publications, 1994.
32. J. Obi Oguejifor (Ed.), Africa, Philosophy and Public Affairs: Proceedings of an International Conference Held at Bigard Memorial Seminary, Enugu, from April 29 to May 3 1997, Enugu, Nigeria: Delta Publications, 1998.
33. John P. Pittman (ed.), African-American Perspectives and Philosophical Traditions, New York: Routledge, 1997.
34. J. O. Ubru (ed.), African Beliefs and Philosophy, Warri, Nigeria: International Publishers, [198-?].
35. Mary Jo Arnoldi, Christraud M. Geary & Kris L. Hardin, African Material Culture, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, c1996; [Series title: African Systems of Thought.]
36. Parker English & Kibujjo Kalumba (eds.), African Philosophy: A Classical Approach, Upper Saddle River NJ: Prentice Hall, c1996.
37. Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze, African Philosophy: An Anthology, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1998.
38. Richard A. Wright (ed.), African Philosophy: An Introduction, Lanham: University Press of America (3d ed.), c1984.
39. Tsenay Serequeberhan (ed.), African Philosophy: The Essential Readings, 1st ed. New York, NY: Paragon House, 1991; [Series title: Paragon Issues in Philosophy].
40. T. Uzodinma Nwala (ed.), Amo, Anton Wilhelm, b. ca. 1700, Anton William Amo's Treatise on the Art of Philosophising Soberly and Accurately (with commentaries, Nsukka: William Amo Centre for African Philosophy, University of Nigeria, 1990; [Series title: Special publication (William Amo Centre for African Philosophy)].
41. Apostel, Leo, African Philosophy: Myth or Reality? Gent, Belgium: Story-Scientia, 1981; [Series title: Philosophy and Anthropology; 2].
42. Anita Jacobson-Widding (ed.), Body and Space: Symbolic Models of Unity and Division in African Cosmology and Experience, Uppsala: Upsaliensis Academiae; Stockholm, Sweden: Distributed by Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1991; [Series title: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Uppsala studies in Cultural Anthropology 16].
43. Negussay Ayele and Claude Sumner (eds.), Books for Life, 1st ed., [Ethiopia?]: Relief and Rehabilitation Commission, 1991.
44. Eliot Deutsch and Ron Bontekoe (eds.); advisory editors, Tu Weiming [et al.], A Companion to World Philosophies, Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1997; [Series title: Blackwell Companions to Philosophy].
45. T.U. Nwala (ed.), Critical Review of the Great Debate on African Philosophy (1970-1990), Enugu: William Amo Centre for African Philosophy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 1992 (Enugu: Hillys Press).
46. Maduabuchi F. Dukor, Theistic Humanism: Philosophy Of Scientific Africanism, Lagos, Nigeria: [Noble Communications Network], 1994.
47. A.O. Echekwube (Anthony Onyebuchi), An Introduction To African Philosophy, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria: Kraft Books, 1994.
48. Andrew F. Uduigwomen (ed.), Footmarks on African Philosophy, Ikeja-Lagos, Nigeria: Obaroh & Ogbinaka Publishers, c1995.
49. Segun Gbadegesin, African Philosophy: Traditional Yoruba Philosophy and Contemporary African Realities, New York: P. Lang, c1991; [Series title: American University Studies. Series V, Philosophy; vol. 134].
50. Lewis R. Gordon, Her Majesty's Other Children: Sketches Of Racism From A Neocolonial Age, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, c1997.
51. Kwame Gyekye, An Essay on African Philosophical Thought: The Akan Conceptual Scheme, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
52. Kwame Gyekye, The Unexamined Life: Philosophy and The African Experience, Accra: Ghana Universities Press, 1988.
53. B. Hallen and J.O. Sodipo, Knowledge, Belief & Witchcraft: Analytic Experiments In African Philosophy, London: Ethnographica, 1986.
54. Paulin J. Hountondji; translated by Henri Evans with the collaboration of Jonathan Ree, African Philosophy: Myth And Reality, Introduction by Abiola Irele, 2nd ed., Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, c1996; [Series title: African Systems of Thought].
55. Samuel Oluoch Imbo, An Introduction To African Philosophy, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, c1998.
56. Pantaleon Iroegbu, Enwisdomization; &, African Philosophy: Two Selected Essays, Owerri: International Universities Press, 1994.
57. Pantaleon Iroegbu, Metaphysics, The Kpim of Philosophy, Owerri, Nigeria: International Universities Press, c1995.
58. Heinz Kimmerle (ed.), Joint Symposium of Philosophers from Africa and from the Netherlands (1st: 1989: Rotterdam, Netherlands) I, We, and Body: First Joint Symposium of Philosophers from Africa and from the Netherlands, at Rotterdam on March 10, 1989, Amsterdam: B.R. Gruner, 1989; [Series title: Schriften zur Philosophie der Differenz; Bd. 3].
59. Chukwunyere Kamalu, Foundations of African Thought: A Worldview Grounded in The African Heritage Of Religion, Philosophy, Science, And Art, London: Karnak House, 1990.
60. Archie Mafeje, African Philosophical Projections and Prospects for The Indigenisation of Political And Intellectual Discourse, Harare: SAPES Books, 1992; [Series title: Seminar Paper Series; No. 7].
61. M. Akin Makinde, African Philosophy, Culture, and Traditional Medicine, Athens, OH: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1988; [Series title: Monographs in International Studies. Africa Series; No. 53.
62. D.A. Masolo, African Philosophy in Search of Identity, Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press: Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1994; [Series title: African Systems of Thought].
63. John S. Mbiti, African Religions & Philosophy, 2nd rev. and enl. ed., Oxford; Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann, 1990.
64. C.S. Momoh, Philosophy of a New Past and an Old Future, Auchi [Nigeria?]: African Philosophy Projects Publications, 1991.

THIRD SET OF BOOKS FOR REVIEW
65. V.Y. Mudimbe, The Idea of Africa, Bloomington: Indiana University Press; London: J. Currey, c1994; [Series title: African Systems of Thought].
66. V.Y. Mudimbe, The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, c1988; [Series title: African Systems of Thought].
67. Nwankwo Nnabuchi, The Conscience of God, Enugu: Life Paths Printing Press, 1987.
68. Segun Ogungbemi, A Critique of African Cultural Beliefs, Ikeja, Lagos: Pumark Nigeria, 1997.
69. Theophilus Okere, African Philosophy: A Historico-Hermeneutical Investigation of The Conditions of Its Possibility, Lanham [MD]: University Press of America, c1983.
70. Chukwudum B. Okolo, African Philosophy: A Short Introduction, Rev. ed., Enugu [Nigeria]: Cecta, 1993.
71. E.I. Ifesieh, (ed.), Okolo on African Philosophy & African Theology: Silver Jubilee Essays, Engugu, Nigeria: CECTA (Nigeria) Ltd. Pub. Div., 1990.
72. Chukwudum B. Okolo, What is African Philosophy? A Short Introduction, [Nigeria: C.B. Okolo, 1987?].
73. Olusegun Oladipo, The Idea of African Philosophy: A Critical Study of The Major Orientations in Contemporary African Philosophy, Ibadan: Molecular Publishers, 1992.
74. Joseph I. Omoregbe, Knowing Philosophy: A General Introduction, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria: Joja Educational Research and Publishers, c1990.
75. Innocent Chilaka Onyewuenyi, The African Origin of Greek Philosophy: An Exercise in Afrocentrism, Nsukka, Nigeria: University of Nigeria Press, 1993.
76. H. Odera Oruka, introduction by, Oginga Odinga: His Philosophy and Beliefs, Nairobi: Initiatives Publishers, 1992; [Series title: Sage Philosophy Series; No. 1].
77. Isaac D. Osabutey-Aguedze, The Principles Underlying the African Religion and Philosophy, Nairobi: Maillu Publishing House, 1990.
78. Heinz Kimmerle, Franz M. Wimmer. (ed.), Philosophy and Democracy in Intercultural Perspective = Philosophie et Democratie en Perspective Interculturelle, Amsterdam; Atlanta, GA: c1997; [Series title: Studien zur interkulturellen Philosophie; 3].
79. Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze (ed.), Postcolonial African Philosophy: A Critical Reader, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1997.
80. E.A. Ruch and K.C. Anyanwu (ed.), African Philosophy: An Introduction to the Main Philosophical Trends in Contemporary Africa, Rev. ed., Rome: Catholic Book Agency, 1984.
81. H. Odera Oruka (ed.), Sage Philosophy: Indigenous Thinkers and Modern Debate on African Philosophy, Leiden; New York: E.J. Brill, 1990; [Series title: Philosophy of History and Culture 4].
82. Claude Sumner (ed.), Seminar on African Philosophy (1976: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia), Proceedings of the Seminar on African Philosophy, Addis Ababa, 1-3 December 1976, = Actes du Seminaire sur la Philosophie Africaine, Addis Ababa, 1-3 decembre 1976 [Addis Ababa: s.n.], 1980 (Addis Ababa ([PO Box 1176], Addis Ababa): Printed for the Addis Ababa University by Chamber Print. House).
83. Tsenay Serequeberhan, The Hermeneutics of African Philosophy: Horizon and Discourse, New York: Routledge, 1994.
84. Augustine Shutte, Philosophy for Africa, Rondebosch, South Africa: UCT Press, 1993.
85. Augustine Shutte, Philosophy for Africa, Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1995; [Series title: Marquette Studies in Philosophy; #5].
86. Emma Ekpunobi and Ifeanyi Ezeaku (eds.), Socio-Philosophical Perspective of African Traditional Religion, Enugu [Nigeria]: New Age Publishers, 1990.
87. Godwin Sogolo, Foundations Of African Philosophy: A Definitive Analysis Of Conceptual Issues In African Thought, Ibadan, Nigeria: Ibadan University Press, 1993.
88. C.S. Momoh (ed.), The Substance of African Philosophy, Auchi [Nigeria?]: African Philosophy Projects' Publications, 1989.
89. Alwin Diemer (ed.), Symposium On Philosophy In The Present Situation Of Africa, Wednesday, August 30, 1978, Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1981.
90. Elleni Tedla, Sankofa: African Thought And Education, New York: P. Lang, c1995; [Series title: Studies in African and African-American Culture Vol. 11].
91. Anselem Ifeanyichukwu Onuigbo Ugwuegbu, Ultimate Reality: Man And His Existence In The Modern World, Enugu, Anambra State [Nigeria]: Standard Educational Services, c1990; [Series title: Philosophy, Religion & Social Ethics].
92. Barbara Lloyd, John Gay (eds.), Universals of Human Thought: Some African Evidence, Cambridge [Eng.]; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
93. Kwasi Wiredu; selected and introduced by Olusegun Oladipo, Conceptual Decolonization in African Philosophy: Four Essays, Ibadan, Nigeria: Hope Publications, c1995.
94. Kwasi Wiredu, Cultural Universals and Particulars: An African Perspective, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996; [Series title: African Systems of Thought].
95. Kwasi Wiredu, Philosophy and an African Culture, Cambridge [Eng.]; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1980.
96. H. Odera Oruka, Practical Philosophy: In Search of an Ethical Minimum, Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers, 1997.

SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY

SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ETHNIC STUDIES
AFRICANA STUDIES 301

Instructor: A. Y. Yansané
Office: HUM 224 M: 9-10:00 a.m. W: 9-10:00 a.m. and by appointment.
Phone: (415) 338-2495; Fax: (415) 338-2880
E-mail: aymouke@sfsu.edu
Website: http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~aymouke

Website: http://bss.sfsu.edu/africanstudies

AFRICA IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

I. INTRODUCTION SCOPE, CONTENT AND EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES
The general objective of the course is to familiarize you with the physical, social, cultural, political, and economic environment of Africa in order to foster an understanding of the major analytical and policy issues surrounding the problems of development, political and economic, and business in Africa today. The framework for such an effort requires an awareness of, and an appreciation for, the major factors influencing the structures and functioning of the African society, polity, economy, business systems, indigenous as well as foreign, in post-colonial Africa. (Will be succinctly treated: the distinguishing characteristics of the traditional African economy, the categories of analysis meaningful for their delineation and their relationship to kinship, politics, religion and other aspects of social organization and culture -- first chapter.)
(Then will be undertaken the analyses of changes wrought by technological, economic, and cultural innovations as they impinged on the traditional economy, polity, and society under the colonial period—second chapter.)
More specifically and more emphatically, attention is drawn to questions of development theory, the expansion of world political economy as well as strategies for revising the process known as underdevelopment. Emphasis is on the post-colonial period and is pertaining to the theories of modernization, economic and political development as they relate to the efforts of the various African readerships to frame national policies to allow the expression of traditional values within the new economic and technological context. Case studies of models of development strategies are examined in the prototype systems of Ghana/Nigeria, Guinea/Senegal/ Ivory Coast/Cameroon, Angola/Zaire, Zambia/Zimbabwe, Kenya/ Tanzania/Uganda, etc., and states of North Africa, Central Africa and South Africa, providing examples of policy constraints and choices. The successful completion of this course or the expected learning outcome should enable the student to understand and analyze environmental constraints and opportunities (domestic and foreign) which challenge economic and political development as well as business management in Africa and, indeed, elsewhere in the Third World, in the new global economy.

In sum, the learning outcomes and objectives are the following:

1) to familiarize students with the physical, social, cultural, political and economic environment of Africa;

2) to be aware and integrate knowledge and skills around the big issues of African development (historical and cultural traditions, government and stability, peace and war, capacity building, environment, women ‘s issues, population, agriculture, industries, education, health, infrastructure, economic underdevelopment, etc);

3) to apply knowledge and skills to solve problems such as reversing the process of underdevelopment;

4) to foster an understanding of the major analytical and policy issues surrounding the problems of development, political, economic and business in Africa;

5) to be aware of and approach cultural, ethnic or social diversity on the continental level and understand how a given problem or achievement may be experienced differently;

6) to be aware and explore problems and issues brought about by colonialism, imperialism and globalism;

7) to develop capacity for critical analysis and synthesis;

8) to be aware of and explore problems and issues from different disciplinar5y approaches.

9) To understand and apprecfi9ate the complexit6ies presented by the problem of development and be aware of the impact that solutions can have on people, communities, societies and nation-states.

II. THE TEACHING STYLES AND REQUIREMENTS
There will be two (2) periods of lecture and one period of discussions or audio visuals per week. Discussions and audio visuals are an integral part of the course. The lectures will emphasize important and difficult materials in the reading. But the objectives of the course are to be reached in large measure by extensive reading and by class discussions. Active and meaningful participation, with contributions drawn from current readings and experience is strongly encouraged.

III. GRADING POLICY
First, two brief exams will cover the readings and lecture materials. Students can choose (instead of the term paper) three book reviews to be devoted to a topic linked to one of the themes of the course. The three books must be cleared with the instructor before the beginning of the third week of the semester. The first review is due on September 28, the second review on October 26, and the third review on November 21; or, students can also write one research paper (approximately 15-20 pages) on a topic of their choice, the synopsis of which is to be cleared by the instructor before the beginning of the third week of the semester.
The two brief exams will constitute 40 percent of the course grade. They will be in the 7th and 14th weeks of class. The three book reviews or the final paper will constitute 50 percent of the grade. Class participation will make the remaining 10 percent.

IV COURSE MATERIALS:

REQUIRED READINGS: BOOKS FOR PURCHASE:
1a. A. Y. Yansané (AYY(a)), Decolonization and Dependency: The Problem of Development of African Societies, Westport, CN: Greenwood Press, 1980.
    or
1b. A. Y. Yansané (AYY(b)), Decolonization of West African States of French Colonial Legacy: Comparison and Contrast: Development in Guinea, the Ivory Coast and Senegal, Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Co., 1984. (1989 edition).
    or
1c. A. Y. Yansané (AYY(c)), Prospects for Recovery and Sustainable Development, Westport, CN: Greenwood Press, 1996.
    or
1d. A. Y. Yansané (AYY(d)), Development Strategies in Africa in the 1990s, Westport, CN: Greenwood Press, 1996.

1e. A. Y. Yansané, READER(e)

2a. Carol Lancaster, Aid to Africa: So Much to Do, So Little Done, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. or

2b. Paul Collier, The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It? New York: Oxford University Press,

2007. or

2c. Damisa Moyo, Dead Aid, London: FSG, 2009.

2d. Chris Alden, China in Africa, London: Zed Books, 2007.

3a. Douglas Johnson, The Root Causes of Sudan’s Civil Wars, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003. or

3b. Theodore Trefon, Reinventing Order in the Congo: How people Respond to State Failure in Kinshasha, London: Zed Books Ltd., 2004. or

3c. John Iliffe, A History of the African AIDS Epidemic, Athens & Oxford: Ohio University Press, 2006. or

3d. Anton A. Van Niekert and Loretta M. Kopelman, (Eds.), Ethics and AIDS in Africa: The Challenge to Our Thinking, New York: Left Coast Press,

2006. or

3e. Greg Campbell, Blood Diamonds: Tracing the Deadly Path of the World’s Most Precious Stones, New York: Basic Books, 2004.

3f. Michael Barnett, Eyewitness to a Genocide, Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2002.

4a. Benno Ndulu et al., (Eds.), The Political Economy of Economic Growth in Africa, 1960-2000, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

4b. Debrah Eade, Development, NGOs, and Civil Society, New York & Oxford,

UK: Oxford University Press, 2000.

4c. Michael Kevane, Women & Development, Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2004.

V LIST OF BOOKS ON AFRICA FOR REVIEW

FIRST SET OF BOO0KS TO BE REVIEWED

1). Erik S. Reinert, How Rich Countries Got Rich and Why Poor Countries Stay?

Boulder, CO: Perseus Books Group, 2008.

2). M. W. Daly, Darfur ‘s Sorrow: A History of Destruction and Genocide, New York:

Cambridge University Press, 2007.

3) Robert H. Bates, When Things Fell Apart: State Failure in late Century Africa, N.Y:

Cambridge University Press, 2008.

4). Richard Joseph and Alexander Gillies (Eds.), Smart Aid For African Development,

Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers: 2009.

5). Amy S. Patterson, The Politics of AIDS in Africa, Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner

Publishers, 2006.

6). Brian Steidle, with Gretchen Steidle Wallace, The Devil Came on Horseback: Bearing Witness to the Genocide in Darfur, Boulder, CO: The Perseus Books Group, 2008.

7). Sanusha Naidu & Kweku Ampiah, (Eds.), Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon,

Portland, OR: International Specialized Book Services (ISBS), 2008.

8). Robert I. Rotberg, (Ed.), Battling Terrorism in the Horn of Africa, Washington DC:

Brookings Institution Press, 2005.

9). Babafemi Akinrinade, Human Rights and State Collapse in Africa, Portland, OR:

ISBS, 2008.

10). Curtis Keim, Mistaking Africa: Curiosities and Inventions of the American Mind,

(Second Edition), Boulder, CO: The Perseus Books Group, 2008.

11). Alex De Waal, Famine That Kills: Darfur, Sudan, New York: Oxford University

Press, 2005.

12). Fraser Cameron, US Foreign Policy After The Cold War: Global Hegemon or

Reluctant Sherif? (Second Edition), New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis
Group, 2005.

13). Mohammed O. Maundi, I. William Zartman et al., Getting in: Mediators’ Entry into

The Settlement of African Countries, Herndon, VA: United States Institute of

Peace Press, 2006.

14). Robert I. Rotberg, (Ed.), China Into Africa: Trade, Aid, and Influence, Washington,

DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2008.

15). Sam Daley-Harris, Pathways Out of Poverty: Innovations in Microfinance for the

Poorest Families, Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, Inc., 2002.

16). Deborah Drake & Elisabeth Rhyne, (Eds.), The Commercialization of Microfinance:

Balancing Business and Development, Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, Inc.,

2002.

17). R. Alan Hedley, Running Out Of Control: Dilemmas of Globalization, Bloomfield,

CT: Kumarian Press, Inc., 2002.

18). Dele Olowu and Soumana Sako, (Eds.), Better Governance and Public Policy:\

Capacity Building for Democratic Renewal in Africa, Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian

Press, Inc., 2003.

19). Wendy Holmes, Protecting the Future: HIV Prevention, Care and Support Among

Displaced and War-Affected Populations, Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2003.

20). Anirudh Krishna, Norman Uphoff and Milton J. Esman, Reasons for Hope:

Instructive Experiences in Rural Development, BHloofield, CT: Kumarian Press

Inc., 1996.

21). Ondine Barrow and Michael Jennings, (Eds.), The Charitable Impulse: NGOs and

Development in East and North East Africa, Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press,

Inc., 2001.

22). Derick Brinkerhoff and Benjamin L. Crosby, Managing Policy Reform: Concepts

and Tools for Decision-Makers in Developing and Transitioning Countries,

Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, Inc. 2001.

23). Paul Collier, The Bottom Billion, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

24). Dambisa Moyo, Dead Aid, London: FSG, 2009.

25). Jason Brownlee, Authoritarianism in a Age of Democratization, New York:

CambridgeUniversity Press, 2007.

26). Thad Dunning, Crude Democracy: Natural Resource Wealth and Political Regimes,

New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

27). M. Rodwan Abouharb, Human Rights and Structural Adjustments, New York:

Cambridge University Press, 2008.

28). Bjorn Lomborg, (Ed.), Solutions for the World’s Biggest Problems: Costs and

Benefits, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

29). John Hagan and Wenona Rymond-Richmond, Darfur and the Crime of Genocide,

New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

30). Francois du Bois and Antje du Bois-Pedain, Justice and Reconciliation in Post-

Apartheid South Africa, New York : Cambridge University Press, 2008.

31). Antje du Bois-Pedain, Transitional Amnesty in South Africa, NewYork:

Cambridge University Press, 2008.

32). Mark Kende, Constitutional Rights in Two Worlds: South Africa and the United

States, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

33). Malcolm Evans and Rachel Murray, (Eds.), The African Charter on Human and

Peoples’ Rights: The System in Practice 1986-2006 (2nd Edition), New York:

Cambridge University Press, 2008.

34). Obiora Chinedu Okafor, The African Human Rights System, Activist Forces and

International Institutions, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

35). Jennifer Gandhi, Political Institutions under Dictatorship, New York: Cambridge

University Press, 2008.

36). Victor A. Peskin, International Justice in Rwanda and the Balkans, New York:

CambridgeUniversity Press, 2008.

37). Ray Murphy, UN Peacekeeping in Lebanon, Somalia and Kosovo: Operational

and Legal Issues in Practice, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

38). David Little, Peacemakers in Action: Profiles of Religion in Conflict Resolution,

New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

39). Julie Flint and Alex deWaal, Darfur: A New History of a Long War, New York:

Palgrave Macmillan and Zed Books, 2009.

40). Frank Ackerman, Can We Afford the Future? The Economics of a Warming War,

New York: Palgrave/Macmillan and Zed Books: 2009.

41). Paul Todd et al., Spies, Lies and the War on Terror, New York: Palgrave/Macmillan

And Zed Books, 2009.Global Health Watch, Global Health Watch, New York:

Palgrave/Macmillan and Zed Books, 2009.

42). Nicholas Shaxson,Poisoned Welols: The Dirty Politics of African Oil, New York:

Palgrave/Macmillan, 2008.

43). Tom Porteus, Britain & Africa, New York: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2008.

44). Claire Mercer, Ben Page and Martin Evans, Development and the African Diaspora:

Place and the Politics of Home, New York: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2009.

45). Kojo Amanor and Sam Moyo, Land and Sustainable Development in Africa, New

York: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2008.

46). Joseph Mensah, (Ed.), Neoliberalism andGlobalization in Africa: Contestations on

the Embattled Continen, New York: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2008.

47). Usman A. Tar, The Politics of Neoliberal Democracy in Africa: State and Civil

Society in Nigeria, New York: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2008.

48). Kempe Ronald Hope, Poverty, Livelihoods, and Governance in Africa: Fulfilling

the Development Promise, New York: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2008.

49). Harry G. Broadman, Africa’s Silk road: China and India’s New Economic Frontier,

Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2007.

SECOND SET OF BOOKS TO BE REIEWED

1)Richard Dowden, Africa: Altered States, Ordinary Miracles, Boulder, CO: The

Perseus Books Group, 2009.

2). Alec Ruussell, Bring Me My Machine Gun: The Battle for the Soul of South Africa

From Mandela to Zuma, Boulder, CO: The Perseus Books Group, 2009.

3). Serge Michel and Michel Beuret, China Safari : On the Trails of Beijing’s

Expansion, Boulder, CO: The Perseus Books Group, 2009.

4). Martin Meredith, The Fate of Africa: A History of Fifty Years of Independence,

Boulder, CO: The Perseus Books Group, 2009.

5). Janice Love, Southern Africa in World Politics: Local Aspirations and Global

Entanglements, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2005.

6). Roger Thurow and Scott Kilman, Enough: Why the World’s Poorest Starve in a

Age of Plenty, Boulder, CO: The Perseus Books Group, 2009.

7). Nicholas Stern, The Global Deal: Climate Change and The Creation of a New Era

Of Progress and Prosperity, Boulder, CO: The Perseus Books Group, 2009.

8). Mark Engler, How To Rule The World: The Coming Battle over the Global Economy

Boulder, CO: The Perseus Books Group, 2008.

9). Charles R. Morris, The Two Trillion Dollar Meltdown: Easy Money, High Rollers,

and the Great Credit Crash, Boulder, CO: The Perseus Books Group, 2009.

10). Martin Meredith, Diamonds, Gold, and War: The British, the Boers, and the Making

of South Africa, Boulder, CO: The Perseus Books Group, 2008.

11). Benno J. Ndulu, et al.,(Eds.), The Political Economy of Economic Growth in Africa,

1960-2000, Volume I, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008 (472 pp.).

12). Benno Ndulu, (Eds.), The Political Economy of Economic Growth i9n Africa,

1960-2000,Volume II, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008, (760 pp.).

13). Rodney Bruce Hall, Central Banking as Global Governance: Constructing Financial

Credibility, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

14). Richard Ned Lebow, A Cultural Theory of International Relations, New York:

Cambridge Univewrsity Press, 2009.

15). Steven E. Lobell et al., (Eds.), Neoclassical Realism, the State and Foreign Policy,

New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

16). United Nations, Economic Report on Africa: Capital Flows and Development

Financing in Africa, New York: United Nations Publications, 2006.

17). United Nations, Flat World, Big Gaps: Economic Liberalization, Globalization,

Poverty and Inequality, New York: United Nations Publications, 2006.

18). Jose Antonio Ocampo and Rob Vos, Uneven Economic Development, Palgrave/

Macmillan and Zed Books, 2009.

19). Edward Fullbrook, Pluralist Economics, Palgrave/Macmillan and Zed Books, 2009.

20). Nayan Chandra, BHound Together: How Traders, Preachers, Adventurers, and

Warriors Shaped Globalization? New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.

21). Martin Wolf, Why Globalization Works, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009.

22). Duncan Green, Mark Fried, (Eds.), From Poverty to Power: How Active Citizens and

Effective States Can Change the World? Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishers/

Kumarian Press, 2008.

23). Bernard Berendsen, (Ed.), Democracy and Development, Sterling, VA: Stylus

Publishers, 2008.

24). Paul Steele, et al. (Eds.), Poverty Reduction That Works: Experience of Scaling

Up Development Success, Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishers, 2008.

25) George Martine, et al., (Eds.), The New Global Frontier: Urbanization, Poverty and

Environment in the 21^st Century, Sterling, Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishers, 2008.

26). Abdullah A. Mohamoud, (Ed.), Shaping a New Africa, Sterling, VA: Stylus

Publishers, 2007.

27). Kenneth R. Rutherford, Humanitarianism Under Fire: The US an d UN Intervention

in Somalia, Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishers, 2008.

28). John F. Clark, The Failure of Democracy in the Republic of Congo, Boulder,CO:

Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2008.

29). Princeton N. Lyman & Patricia Dorff, (Eds.), Beyond Humanitarianism: What You

Need to Know about Africa and Why It Matters, Washington, DC: The Brookings

Institution Press, 2007.

30). Ralph Hamann, et al. (Eds.), The Business of Sustainable Development in Africa;

Human Rights, Partnerships, Alternative Business Models, Washington DC:

The Brookings Institution Press, 2009.

31). John N. Paden, Muslim Civic Cultures and Conflict Resolution: The Challenge of

Democratic Federalism in Nigeria, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution

Press, 2005.

32). Martin Meredith, The Fate of Africa: From the hopes of Freedom to the Heart of

Despair, Millwood, New York: Labyrinth Books, 2006.

33). Ike Okonta, Where Vultures Feast: Shell Human Rights and Oil, Millwood, NY:

Labyrinth Books, 2003.

34). World Bank, World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography,

Washington DC: World Bank Publications, 2008.

35). World Bank, 1) MiniAtlas of Millennium Development Goals: Building a Better

World, (64 Pages) (2005);

2) MiniAtlas of Human Security (66 Pages) (2008)

3) Green MiniAtlas (64 pages) (2004)

4) MiniAtlas of Global Development (64 pages), (2004)

Washington, DC: World Bank Publications, 2004, 2005, 2008.

36). Robert Pollin, et al., An Employment-Targeted Economic Program for South Africa,

Northampton MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007.

37). Robert Pollin, et al., An Employment-Targeted Economic Program for Kenya,

Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008.

38). Edmond Amann, (Ed.), Regulating Development: Evidence from Africa and Latin

America, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007.

39). Paul Cook and Sarah Mosedale, (Eds.), Regulation, Markets and Poverty,

Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008.

40). Robert Stimson, et al., Leadership and Institutions in Regional Endogenous

Development, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008.

THIRD SET OF BOOKS TO BE REVIEWED

1). Todd J. Moss, African Development: Making Sense of the Issues and Actors, Boulder,

CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2007.

2). Pierre Englebert, State Legitimacy and Development in Africa, Boulder, CO: Lynne

Reinner Publishers, 2002.

3). David K. Leonard & Scott Straus, Africa’s Stalled Development: International Causes

and Cures, Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2003.

4). Michael Kevane, Women an d Development in Africa: How Gender Works, Boulder,

CO: Lynne Reinner, 2004.

5). April A. Gordon and Donald L. Gordon, (Eds.), Understanding Contemporary Africa,

(4^th Edition), Boulder, CO?: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2004.

6). E. Gyimah-Boadi, (Ed.), Democratic Reform in Africa: The Quality of Progress,

Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2004.

7) Victor T. Levine, Politics in Francophone Africa, Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner

Publishers, 2007.

8). Gretchen Bauer and Scott D. Taylor, Politics in Southern Africa: State and Society in

Transition, Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2005.

9). Margaret C. Lee, The Political Economy of Regionalism in Southern Africa, Boulder,

CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2004.

10). Benedikt Franke, Security Cooperation in Africa, Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner

Publishers, 2009.

11). Morten Boas and Kevin C. Dunn, (Eds.), African Guerrillas: Raging Against the

Machine, Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2007.

12). Gilbert M. Khadiagala, (Ed.), Security Dynamics in Africa’s Great Lakes Region,

Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2006.

13). Michael Nest, with Francois Grignon and Emizet F. Kisangani, The Democratic

Republic of Congo: Economic Dimensions of War and Peace, Boulder, CO:

Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2006.

14) Marie-Soleil Frere, The Media and Conflicts in Central Africa, Boulder, CO:

Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2007.

15) Herbert M. Howe, Ambiguous Order: Military Forces in African States, Boulder,

CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2005.

16). Adekeye Adebajo and Ismail Rashid, (Eds.), West Africa’s Security Challenges:

Building Peace in A Troubled Region, Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers,

2-004.

17). Ruth Iyob and Gilbert M. Khadiagala, Sudan: The Elusive Quest for Peace, Boulder,

CO: Lynne Reinner Publishers, 2006.

18). Erik Jensen, Western Sahara: Anatomy of a Stalemate, Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner

Publishers, 2005.

19). Dorina A. Bekoe, (Ed.), East Africa and the Horn: Confronting Challenges to Good

Governance, Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner, 2006.

20). Joe Amoako-Tuffour and Bartholomew Armah, (Eds.), Poverty Reductions Strategies in Action: Perspectives and Lessons from Ghana, Lanham, MD: The Rowman

Littlefield Publishing Group, 2008.

21). Kalu N. Kalu, State Power, Autarchy, and Political Conquest in Nigerian

Federalism, Lanham, MD: The Rowman Littlefield Publishing Group, 2008.

22). John N. Paden, Faith and Politics in Nigeria: Nigeria as a Pivotal State in the

Muslim World, Herndon, VI: the United States Institute of Peace Press, 2008.

23). Makau Mutua, Kenya’s Quest for Democracy: Taming Leviathan, Boulder, CO:

Lynne Reinner, 2008.

24). Antoinette Handley, Business and the State in Africa: Economic Policy-Making in

the Neo-Liberal Era,New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

25) Aili Mari Tripp et al., African Wo0men’s Movements: Changing Political

Landscapes, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

26). Melani Claire Cammett, Globalization and Business in Arab North Africa: A

Comparative Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

27). Christian Lund, Local Politics and the Dynamics of Property in Africa, New
York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

28). Charles Tilly, Addressing Contentious (Public) Performances, New York:

CambridgeUniversity Press, 2008.

29). Chales Tilly, Democracy, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

30). Anirudth Krishna, (Ed.), Poverty, Participation and Democracy: A Global

Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

31). Martin Minogue and Ledvina Carino, Regulatory Governance in Developing

Countries, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Pu8blishing, 2008.

32). Paul Cook, et al., Competitive Advantage and Competition Policy in

Developing Countries, Northampton, MA: Edwards Elgar Publishing;

2008.

33). Nikolaos Karagiannis and Zagros Madjd-Sadjadi, Modern State Intervention in the

Era of Globalization, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007.

34). Gary Paul Green, Workforce Development Networks in Rural Areas: Building

The High Road, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007.

35). Ernest Aryeetey and Natalia Dinello, (Eds.), Testing Global Interdependence:

Issues on Trade, Aid, Migration and Development, Northampton, MA: Edward

Elgar Publishing, 2007.

36). Fabrizio Bresciani and Alberto Valdes, (Eds.), Beyond Food Production: The Role

of Agriculture in Poverty Reduction, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar

Publishing, 2007.

37). Robert E. Evenson and Terri Raney, (Eds.), The Political Economy of Genetically

Modified Foods, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007.

38). Joseph Cooper, (Ed.), Global Agriculture Policy, Reform and Trade: Environmental

Gains and Losses, Northampton, MA: 2007.

39). Ashok Chakravarti, Aid, Institutions, and Development, Northampton, MA: Edward

Elgar Publishing, 2006.

40). Jose Maria Fanelli and Lyn Squire, Economic Reform in Developing Countries:

Reach, Range, Reason, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008.

41). Benjamin Coriat, (Ed.), The Political Economy of HIV/AIDS in Developing

Countries: TRIPS, Public Health Systems and Free Access, Northampton, MA:

Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008.

42). Sylvia Chant, Gender Generation and Poverty: Exploring the” Feminization of

Poverty in Africa, Asia and Latin America, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar

Publishing, 2007.

43). Subhas C. Jain and Sushil Vachani, (Eds.), Multinational Corporations and Global

Poverty Reduction, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2006.

44). Jason Fairbourne et al., MicroFranchising: Creating Wealth at the Bottom of the

Pyramid, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2008.

45). Meine Pieter van Dijk, Managing Cities in Developing Countries: The Theory and

Practice of Urban Management, Northampton, Ma: Edward Elgar Publishing,

2008.

46). Ives Bourdet, et al. (Eds.), The European Union and Developing Countries: Trade,

Aid and Growth in an Integrating World, Northampton, MA: 2007.

VI COURSE OUTLINE

WEEKS 1 & 2

Read a fictional novel or AYY’s “Elements of Cultural, Political & Economic Universals in West Africa.” Africa’s “Fact” Introduction

WEEKS 3-4

Read:
1. AYY(a),or
2. AYY(b), or
3. AYY(c),or
4. or AYY(d), or

5.or A.Y.Y (e)

Read all the READER, by the end of the fourth week.

Decolonization & Development as a Context and Concern for Foreign Policy:
Dependency & Clientelism
Africa in the 1980s, 1990s & Beyond.

WEEKS 5-6

Read:

One book from the second set on Aid.
Lectures on Alternative Theories & Strategies: Transformationist or Incremental
TNCs & FDI
TRADE/AID/CLIENTELISM and Dependency/Imperialism

WEEKS 7-8

Read:
Read on Africa’s Problem Areas: Ethnic Conflicts, AIDS, etc.

WEEKS 9-10

Read on Economic Development and Lectures on
World Economic Structural Factors/ Africa in International Relations
Analysis of Policy Potentialities of African Development:
Constraints & Limited Options

WEEKS 11 & 12

Read:
Economic, Political & Military Relations with Europe & the World:
The LOME Accord; The OAU & Attempt at Economic & Political Integration; Sources of Conflict; Political Trends; Strategies for Change

WEEKS 13 & 14

Read Expert Opinions
Recent Policy Papers A Call for a Higher Level International Cooperation
The World Economic Order: The Old & New & Alternative Strategies.

VII SUGGESTED POLICY GROUPS AND PANEL DISCUSSION TOPICS OR CASE STUDIES if we have times to do so.

1. The Global World & Africa.

2. Terrorism and Africa.

3. Conflict in West Africa.

4. South Africa’s Roles & Functions in New Africa.

5. Conflict in the Horn of Africa and Central Africa, Congo Sudan, etc..

VIII OUTLINE OF GRADUATE PAPERS
Selection of a hypothesis in the field of economic, political, and business development (for graduate students). Formulate it in an operational way and state the alternative hypotheses that purport to explain the phenomena. State the implications of the hypotheses. Design and present data whereby the hypothesis could be tested. (You do not have to do the calculations or conduct significance tests; only describe the method you would follow, present your data and state your reasons for expecting that the test would be a good one). Please discuss with the instructor the paper that you propose to write no later than the end of the third week of class. The paper will account for 50% of the final grade, with the two brief exams and class participation making the balance.

VII AFRICAN FICTION LIST
Jumbam, K., The White Man of God (1980) Cameroun.
Beti, Mongo, The Poor Christ of Bomba (1971) Cameroun.
Peters, Lenrie, The Second Round (1965) Gambia
Sokko, H., The Gathering Sun (1977) Tanzania
Mkufya, W.E., The Wicked Walk (1977) Tanzania.
Ruhumbika, G., Village in Uhuru (1969) Tanzania.
Kalilmugogo, G., The Pulse of the Woods (1974) Uganda.
Armaah, A.K., Fragments (1973) Ghana.
Why Are We So Blessed? (1973)
Soyinka, Wole, The Interrpreters (1965) Nigeria.
Season of Anomy (1973)
Aké: The Years of Childhood (1981)
Achebe, Chinua, Things Fall Apart (1962) Nigeria.
No Longer at Ease
Man of the People
Arrow of God
Akpan, N.U., The Wooden Gong (1965) Nigeria.
Aluko, T.M., One Man, One Machet 91965) Nigeria.
Amaki, E., The Concubine (1966) Nigeria.
The Great Ponds (1969)
Sunset in Biafra (1973)
Emcheta, B., The Bride Price (1976) Nigeria.
Ike, V.C., The Chicken Chasers (1980)
Sunset at Dawn (1976)
Ogali, A.O., The Juju Priest (1978).
Worku, D., The Thirteenth Sun (1973) Ethiopia.
Sellassie, Sahle, Shinega’s Village (1964) Ethiopia.
Hinga, E., Out of the Jungle (1973) Kenya.
Juma, Para, Portrait of Apartheid (1979) Kenya.
Kahiga, Samuel, The Girl from Abroad (1974) Kenya.
When Stars are Scattered (1979)
Ngugi Thiongo, Petals of Blood (1977) Kenya.
The River Between (1965)
Sembene, Ousmane, God’s Bits of Wood
Aidoo, Ama Ata The Dilemma of a Ghost and Anoma (1965)
No Sweetness Here
Our Sister Killjoy
Fall, Aminata Sow, The Beggars’ Strike
Djebar, Assia, Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade
Diallo, Nafissaton, A Dakar Childhood
Gordime, Nadime, July’s People
Head, Bessie, A Question of Power
Matshoba, Mtutuzelé, Call Me Not a Man (1979)
Mzamahe, Mobulelo V., The Children of Soweto (1982)
Nwapa, Flora, Efuru
Okpewho, Isidoro, The Last Duty (1976)
Okri, Ben, Flowers and Shadows (1980)

BLS301

SAN FRANCISCO STATE UNIVERSITY

BLACK STUDIES 301

Instructor: A. Y. Yansané
Office: HUM 224 M: 9-10:00 a.m. Wed: 9-10:00 a.m. and by appointment.
Phone: (415) 338-2495
e-mail: aymouke@sfsu.edu

AFRICA IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

INTRODUCTION SCOPE, CONTENT AND EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES

The general objective of the course is to familiarize you with the physical, social, cultural, political, and economic environment of Africa in order to foster an understanding of the major analytical and policy issues surrounding the problems of development, political and economic, and business in Africa today. The framework for such an effort requires an awareness of, and an appreciation for, the major factors influencing the structures and functioning of the African society, polity, economy, business systems, indigenous as well as foreign, in post-colonial Africa. (Will be succinctly treated: the distinguishing characteristics of the traditional African economy, the categories of analysis meaningful for their delineation and their relationship to kinship, politics, religion and other aspects of social organization and culture -- first chapter.)

(Then will be undertaken the analyses of changes wrought by technological, economic, and cultural innovations as they impinged on the traditional economy, polity, and society under the colonial period --second chapter.)

More specifically and more emphatically, attention is drawn to questions of development theory, the expansion of world political economy as well as strategies for revising the process known as underdevelopment. Emphasis is on the post-colonial period and is pertaining to the theories of modernization, economic and political development as they relate to the efforts of the various African readerships to frame national policies to allow the expression of traditional values within the new economic and technological context. Case studies of models of development strategies are examined in the prototype systems of Ghana/Nigeria, Guinea/Senegal/ Ivory Coast/Cameroon, Angola/Zaire, Zambia/Zimbabwe, Kenya/ Tanzania/Uganda, etc., and states of North Africa and South Africa, providing examples of policy constraints and choices. The successful completion of this course or the expected learning outcome should enable the student to understand and analyze environmental constraints and opportunities (domestic and foreign) which challenge economic and political development as well as business management in Africa and, indeed, elsewhere in the Third World, in the new global economy.

THE TEACHING STYLES AND REQUIREMENTS

There will be two (2) periods of lecture and one period of discussions or audio visuals per week. Discussions and audio visuals are an integral part of the course. The lectures will emphasize important and difficult materials in the reading. But the objectives of the course are to be reached in large measure by extensive reading and by class discussions. Active and meaningful participation, with contributions drawn from current readings and experience is strongly encouraged.

GRADING POLICY
First, two brief exams will cover the readings and lecture materials. Students can choose (instead of the term paper) three book reviews to be devoted to a topic linked to one of the themes of the course. The three books must be cleared with the instructor before the beginning of the third week of the semester. The first review is due on September 21, the second review on October 19, and the third review on November 16; or, students can also write one research paper (approximately 15-20 pages) on a topic of their choice, the synopsis of which is to be cleared by the instructor before the beginning of the third week of the semester.

The two brief exams will constitute 40 percent of the course grade. They will be in the 7th and 14th weeks of class. The three book reviews or the final paper will constitute 50 percent of the grade. Class participation will make the remaining 10 percent.

COURSE MATERIALS
Books for Purchase:

1. A. Y. Yansané, Decolonization and Dependency: The Problem of Development of African Societies, Westport, CN and London: Greenwood Press, 1980.
or
A. Y. Yansané, Decolonization of West African States of French Colonial Legacy: Comparison and Contrast: Development in Guinea. the Ivory Coast and Senegal.
Cambridge, MA: Schenkman Publishing Co., 1984. (1989 edition)

2a. South Commission, The Challenge of the South, New York: Oxford Press, 1996.
2b. South Centre, Facing the Challenge: Responses to the Report of the South Commission. forward by Julius Nyerere, London and Atlantic Highlands: Zed Books in association withSouth Centre, 1993.
2c. Benno Ndulu, Nicolas Van de Walle, et al. Agenda for Africa’s Economic Renewal. New Brunswick & Oxford: Transactions Publishers, 1996.
2d. Kidane, Mengisteah, Globalization and Autocentricity in Africa’s Development in the 21st Century, Trenton: Africa World Press, 1996.

3a. Christopher Clapham, Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
3b. Magubane, The Ties that Bind African American of Africa, World Press, 1989.
3c. Yassin E1 Ayouty & I. William Zartman, The OAU After Twenty Years, New York, NY: Praeger, 1994.
3d. Real Lavergne (Ed.) Regional Integration & Cooperation in West Africa, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1997.
3e. Ronald Segal, The Black Diaspora, New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 1995.

4a. Ishrat Hussain & Rashid Faruqee (Eds.), Adjustment in Africa: Lessons from country Case Studies. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1994.
4b. Brown, Michael B., Africa's Choices After Thirty Years of the World Bank. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1995.
4c. A. Y. Yansane (Ed.), Prospects for Recovery and Sustainable Development, Westport, CN: Greenwood Press, 1996.
4d. A. Y. Yansane (Ed.), Development Strategies in Africa in the 1990s. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press, 1996.

OTHER TEXTS OF RELEVANCE TO AFRICAN CONTEMPORARY ISSUES.

1. Nelson Mandela, Struggle Is My Life, New York, NY: Pathfinder, 1990.
2. Ravi Gulhati, The Making of Economic Policy in Africa, EDI, The World Bank, 1990.
3. Ravi Gulhati, The Political Economy of Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa, Economic Development Institute, EDI, The World Bank, No. 8, 1988.
4. Dermot McAleese, et al., Africa and the European Community after 1992, Economic Development Institute of the World Bank, 1992.
5. The World Bank, Making Adjustment Work for the Poor: A Framework for Policy Reform in Africa, 1991.
6. Mamadou Dia, A Governance Approach to Civil Service Reform in Sub Saharan Africa, The World Bank Technical Paper, No. 225 (1993).
7. Christopher D. Gerrard, et al., Agricultural Pricing Policy in Eastern Africa: A Macroeconomic Simulation for Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania and Zambia, EDI, The World Bank, 1993.
8. Israt Husain & Ishac Diwan (Eds.), Dealing with the Debt Crisis. A World Bank Symposium, 1989.
9. Ajay Chhibber & Stanley Fisher (Ed.), Economic Reform in Sub-Saharan Africa, The World Bank, 1991.
10. World Bank, Governance and Development, A World Bank Publication, 1992.
11. Tony Killick, The Adaptive Economy: Adjustment Policies in Small. Low Income Countries, EDI, World Bank, 1993.
12. Michael M. Cernea (Ed.), Putting People First: Sociological Variables in Rural Development, A World Bank Publication, Oxford University Press, 1985, 1991.
13. Karla Hoff, et al. (Ed.), The Economics of Rural Organization: Theory, Practice and Policy, A World Bank Publication, Oxford Press, 1993.
14. Michael Lipton & Jacques Van Der Gaag (Ed.), Including the Poor, Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1993.
15. Samuel Paul and Arturo Israel (Ed.), Non-Governmental Organizations and the World Bank: Cooperation for Development, Washington DC: The World Bank, 1991.
16. Joy Miller Der Rosso, Investing in Nutrition, Washington DC: World Bank, 1992.
17. UMA Lele & Ijaz Nabi, Transitions in Development: The Role of Aid and Commercial Laws, San Francisco: International Center For Economic Growth, 1991.
18. Peter J. Schraeder (Ed.), Intervention into the 1980's: US Foreign Policy in the Third World, Boulder & London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1993.
19. Vivienne Jabri, Mediating Conflict: Decision Making and Western Intervention in Namibia, Manchester and NY: Manchester University Press, 1990.

20. Tom Lodge, et al., All, Here and Now: Black Politics in South Africa in the 1980's, London: Hurst, 1992.
21. Robert Schrire, Adapt or Die: the End of White Politics in South Africa, London: Hurst, 1992.
22. Marina Ottaway, South Africa: The Struggle for a New Order, Washington DC: The Brookings Institution, 1993.
23. Pierre Hugo, Redistribution and Affirmative Action: Working on the South African Political Economy, Halfway House, GA: Southern Book Publishers, 1992. Distributed by Lakeside Publications, Haslemere, England.
24. Richard L. Sklar & C.S. Whitaker, African Politics and Problems in Development, Boulder & London: Lynne Rienner Publications, 1991.
25. Doug Porter, Ryant Allen & Gaye Thompson, Development in Practice: Paved with Good Intentions, London & New York: Routledge, 1991.
26. Coro Ann Presley, Kikuyu Women, the Mau Rebellion and Social Change in Kenya, Boulder & San Francisco: Westview Press, 1992.
27. Amos Sawyer, The Emergence of Autocracy in Liberia: Tragedy and Challenge, San Francisco: Institute for Contemporary Studies Press, 1992.
28. Sahr John Kpundeh, Democratization in Africa: African Views, African Voices Summary of Three Workshops, Washington DC: National Academy Press, 1992.
29. Richard Sandbrook, The Politics of Africa's Economic Recovery, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
30. Patrick Chabal, Power in Africa: An Essay in Political Interpretation, London: Macmillan, 1992.
31. Goran Hyden & Michael Bratton, Governance & Politics in Africa, Boulder & London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1992.
32. Bloch/Parry, Money and the Morality of Exchange, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
33. Chabal, Political Domination in Africa, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
34. Richard Sandbrook, Politics of Africa's Economic Recovery, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
35. Immanuel Wallerstein, Geopolitics & Geoculture, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
36. Ann Seidman & F. Anang (Ed.), 21st Century Africa: Towards a New Vision of Self-Sustainable Development, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1992.
37. Peter Gibbon et al, Authoritarianism. Democracy & Adjustment The Politics of Economic Reform, Uppsala, Sweden: The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, 1992.
38. Carter Center, Emory University, Governance, Proceedings of a Conference at Carter Center, 1990.
39. Kwane Anthony Appiah, In My Father's House: Africa in the Philosophy of Culture, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1992.
40. Dharam Ghai (ed.), The IMP and The South: The Social Impact of Crisis and Adjustment, London & Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Zed Books, 1991.
41. Robert Emery, The Money Markets and Developing East Asia, NY: Praeger, 1991.
42. U.N. Balasubramanyan & Sanjaya Lall (ed.), Current Issues in Development Economics, NY: St. Martin's Press, 1990.
43. Stephen Browne, Foreign Aid in Practice, New York: NY University Press, 1990.
44. Kendall W. Stiles, Negotiating Debt: The IMP Lending Press, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991.
45. Joan M. Nelson (ed.), Economic Crisis and Policy Choice: The Politics of Adjustment in the Third World, Princeton, NJ: Princeton U. Press, 1990.
46. Maurice Scott & Deepak Lal (ed.), Public Policy and Economic Development, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1990.
47. Abedian, Economic Growth in South Africa, Oxford University Press, 1993.
48. Bevan, Controlled Open Economies, Oxford U. Press, 1994.
49. Bevan, Peasants and Governments, Oxford U. Press, 1993.
50. Dreze, The Political Economy of Hunger, Oxford U. Press, 1994.
51. Giliome, From Apartheid to Nation Building, Oxford U. Press, 1993.
52. Meier, Industrial Adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa, Oxford U. Press, 1993.
53. Ohlson, Arms Transfer Limitations and Third World Security, Oxford U. Press, 1993.
54. United Nations Development Program, Human Development Report, 1993-95.
55. Frederic C. Deyo (ed.), The Political Economy of the New Industrialism, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1987.
56. Alice H. Amsden, Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea Industrialization, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.
57. David B. Yoffie, Beyond Free Trade: Firms, Governments and Global Competition, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993.

BOOKS TO BE REVIEWED

Books for Review - Africa - Download PDF - 10 pages

COURSE OUTLINE

I. INTRODUCTION

CHARACTERISTICS OF AFRICAN TRADITIONAL SOCIOECONOMIC ORDER; CULTURE; FAMILY; CHIEFTANCY; ROLES OF MEN AND WOMEN IN THE REGULATED VILLAGE COUNCIL; AFRICAN HUMANISM AND ITS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE WORLD.

Weeks 1 & 2:
Required Reading:
A. Y. Yansane, "Elements of Cultural, Political, and Economic Universals in West Africa" in A. Molefe (ed.), African Culture (Greenwood Press, 1986), and/or select and read one fictional novel by an African writer from the following list.

AFRICAN FICTION LIST
1. Jumbam, K., The White Man of God (1980) Cameroun.
2. Beti, Mongo, The Poor Christ of Bomba (1971) Cameroun.
3. Peters, Lenrie, The Second Round (1965) Gambia
4. Sokko, H., The Gathering Sun (1977) Tanzani.
5. Mkufya, W.E., The Wicked Walk (1977) Tanzania.
6. Ruhumbika, G., Village in Uhuru (1969) Tanzania.
7. Kalilmugogo, G., The Pulse of the Woods (1974) Uganda.
8. Armaah, A.K., Fragments (1973) Ghana.
Why Are We So Blessed? (1973)
9. Soyinka, Wole, The Interrpreters (1965) Nigeria.
   Season of Anomy (1973)
   Aké: The Years of Childhood (1981)
10. Achebe, Chinua, Things Fall Apart (1962) Nigeria.
   No Longer at Ease
Man of the People
Arrow of God
11. Abrahams, Peter, The Wreath for UDOMO
12. Akpan, N.U., The Wooden Gong (1965) Nigeria.
13. Aluko, T.M., One Man, One Machet (1965) Nigeria.
14. Amaki, E., The Concubine (1966) Nigeria.
The Great Ponds (1969)
Sunset in Biafra (1973)
15. Camara, Laye, Dark Child, (1954)
16. Emcheta, B., The Bride Price (1976) Nigeria.
17. Ike, V.C., The Chicken Chasers (1980)
Sunset at Dawn (1976)
18. Ogali, A.O., The Juju Priest (1978).
19. Worku, D., The Thirteenth Sun (1973) Ethiopia.
20. Sellassie, Sahle, Shinega’s Village (1964) Ethiopia.
21. Hinga, E., Out of the Jungle (1973) Kenya.

AFRICAN FICTION LIST
22. Juma, Para, Portrait of Apartheid (1979) Kenya.
23. Kahiga, Samuel, The Girl from Abroad (1974) Kenya.
    When Stars are Scattered (1979)
24. Ngugi Thiongo, Petals of Blood (1977)Kenya.
    The River Between (1965)
25. Sembene, Ousmane, God’s Bits of Wood
26. Aidoo, Ama Ata The Dilemma of a Ghost and Anoma (1965)
    No Sweetness Here
    Our Sister Killjoy
27. Fall, Aminata Sow, The Beggars’ Strike
28. Djebar, Assia, Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade
29. Diallo, Nafissatou, A Dakar Childhood
30. Gordime, Nadime, July’s People
31. ead, Bessie, A Question of Power
32. Matshoba, Mtutuzelé, Call Me Not a Man (1979)
33. Mzamahe, Mobulelo V., The Children of Soweto (1982)
34. Nwapa, Flora, Efuru
35. Okpewho, Isidoro, The Last Duty (1976)
36. Okri, Ben, Flowers and Shadows (1980)

References:
? Chancellor Williams, The Destruction of African Civilization
? Cheikh Anta Diop, The African Origin of Civilization
? Cheikh Anta Diop, Cultural Unity of Black Africa
? Basil Davidson, Lost Cities of Africa
? Basil Davidson, History of West Africa to the 19th Century
? Basil Davidson, History of Eastern and Central Africa to the 19th Century
? J. D. Fage, An Introduction to the History of West Africa
? G. P. Murdock, Africa: Its People and Their Culture History
? T. Hodgkin, ed., Nigerian Perspectives: An Historical Anthology
? G. Dalton, Economic Anthropology and Development
? J. Maquet, Civilizations of Black Africa
? R. Rattray, The Ashanti
? R. Rattray, Religion and Art in Ashanti
? R. Rattray, Ashanti Law and Constitution
? M. Herskovits, Dahomev (2 volumes)
? K. Busia, The Position of the Chief in the Modern Political System of Ashanti
? C. Forde, Habitat, Economy and Society (see ch. X, "Yoruba." ch. XIV, "Masai")
? E. Skinner, The Mossi of Upper Volta
? J. Casely Hayford, Gold Coast Native Institutions
? J. Casely Hayford, Ethiopia Unbound
? M. Fortes and G. Dieterlen, African Systems of Thought
? R. Firth and B. Yamey, Capital Saving and Credit in Peasant Societies
? P. Bohannan and G. Dalton, eds., Markets in Africa
? K. Polanyi, C. Arensberg and H. Pearson, Trade and Market in the Early Empires
? Marcel Griaule, The Dogons
? C. Meillassoux, ed., The Development of Indigenous Trade and Market in West Africa
? W. Bascom and M. Herskovits, eds. Continuity and Change in African Cultures
? W. Rodney, "How Africa Developed before the Coming of the Europeans" in How Europe Underdeveloped Africa

II. THE COLONIAL ERA AND ITS IMPACT ON AFRICAN ECONOMY, POLITY AND CULTURE THROUGH ITS UNDERLYING ASSUMPTION -- THE EVOLUTION THEORY AND RACIALISM.

Weeks 3 and 4:
Required Reading:
A. Y. Yansane, Decolonization and Dependency (Greenwood Press), ch. 1, 2, 4, 6.
or
A. Y. Yansane, Decolonization in West African States (Schenkman Pub.), Ch. 1, 2.

References:
1. B. Dadie, Climbie
2. I. Southall, Change in Modern Africa (parts 1, 2)
3. K. Polanyi, The Great Transformation
4. M. Herskovits, The Human Factor in Change in Africa
5. D. Apter, Ghana in Transition
6. P. Lloyd, Africa in Social Change (parts 2, 3)
7. I. Wallerstein, Africa: The Politics of Independence
8. G. Hunter, The New Societies of Tropical Africa
9. R. Nisbet, "The Problem of Social Change" in Nisbet, Social Change
10. Kwame Arhin, "The Pressure of Cash and Its Political Consequences in Asante for the
Colonial Period" Journal of African Studies. Vol. 3, No. 4, 1976
11. Paul Bohannan, "Africa's Land" and "The Impact of Money on an African Subsistence
Economy" in G. Dalton, ed., Tribal and Peasant Societies
12. F. Ekechi, "African Polygamy and Western Christian Ethnocentrism," Journal of African
Studies. Vol. 3, No. 3, 1976
13. B. Magubane, "A Critical Look at Indices Used in the Study of Social Change in Colonial
Africa," Current Anthropology, Vol. 12, No. 45, 1971, pp. 419-430.
14. Walter Rodney, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa
15. Robert Delavignette, Freedom and Authority in French West Africa
16. Michael Crowder, Colonial West Africa
17. A. Ajayi and M. Crowder, History of West Africa Vols. 1 and 2
18. P. Bohannon and G. Dalton, Markets in Africa
19. Claude Meillassoux, (ed.), The Development of Indigenous Trade and Markets in West Africa
20. M. Herskovits and M. Hartwitz (eds.), Economic Transition in Africa
21. J. Kenyatta, Facing Mount Kenva
22. Lord Lugard, The Dual Mandate
23. D. C. Miller, "Theories of Social Change," in F. R. Allen (ed.), Technology and Social Change, pp 72- 103.

III. AFRICA TRANSCENDING COLONIALISM THROUGH COOPERATION WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THEORIES OF MODERNIZATION, IMPERIALISM AND THE MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE IN POST-INDEPENDENCE AFRICA. IMPERIALISM: IDEAS AND CONCERNS AS WEAPONS: POLICY AND CRITIQUE

Weeks 5 and 6:
Required Reading: One of the following:
1. South Commission, The Challenge of the South, New York: Oxford Press, 1996.

2. South Centre, Facing the Challenge: Responses to the Report of the South Commission. forward by Julius Nyerere, London and Atlantic Highlands: Zed Books in association withSouth Centre, 1993.

3. Benno Ndulu, Nicolas Van de Walle, et al. Agenda for Africa’s Economic Renewal. New Brunswick & Oxford: Transactions Publishers, 1996.

4. Kidane, Mengisteah, Globalization and Autocentricity in Africa’s Development in the 21st Century, Trenton: Africa World Press, 1996.

References:
? Elliott Berg (ed.). Strategies in African Development (UC Press, 1985).
? William A. Hance, Black Africa Develops
? P. N. Rosenstein-Rodan, "The Haves and Have-nots Around the Year 2000" in J. Bhagwati (ed.), Economics and World Order
? Jan Tinbergen, "Building a World Order" in J. Bhagwati (ed.), Economics and World Order
? Amitai Etzioni and Eva Etzioni-Halevy, (eds.), Social Change: Source Patterns and Consequences
? W. W. Rostow, "The Takeoff into Self-Sustained Growth"
? W. E. Moore, "Motivational Aspects of Development"
? Reinhard Bendix, "Industrialization, Ideologies and Social Structure"
? S. N. Eisenstadt, "Breakdowns of Political Modernization" or Economic Development and Cultural Structure, vol. 12, No. 4
? Joseph R. Gusfield, "Tradition and Modernity: Misplaced Polarities in the Study of Social Change"
? Alex Inkeles, "Making Men Modern: On the Causes and Consequences of Individual Change in Six Developing Countries"
? Manning Nash, ed., "Essays on Economic Development and Cultural Change in Honor of Bert F. Hoselitz" Economic Development and Cultural Change. Vol. 25, Supplement 1977.
? G. Almond and J. Coleman, The Politics of Developing Areas (see Introduction)
? D. Apter, The Politics of Modernization (chs. 1-5)
? C. E. Black, The Dynamics of Modernization
? S. N. Eisenstadt, Modernization: Protest and Change
? S. P. Huntington, "Political Development and Political Decay," World Politics vol. 17, April 1965
? D. C. O'Brien, "Modernization, Order and the Erosion of a Democratic Ideal: American Political Science 1960-70." Journal of Developing Studies vol. 8
? J. F. Ade Ajayi, "The Continuity of African Institutions under Colonialism" in T. O. Ranger, ed., Emerging Themes of African History
? C. L. Hunt, Social Aspects of Economic Development (chs. 1,5, 710 )
? Suzanne Bodenheimer, "The Ideology of Developmentalism: The American Paradigm --Surrogate for Latin American Studies, Berkeley Journal of Sociology II, 1969, pp. 165--213.
? Johan Galtung, "A Structural Theory of Imperialism" in Journal of Peace Research Vol. 9, 1971.
? Michael Harrington, The Vast Majority Journey to the World's Poor
? Avineri Shlomo, "Introduction to Avineri" ed. Karl Marx on Colonialism and Modernization 1969, pp. 1-30.
? Wallerstein, The Modern World System
? Wallerstein, "Dependence in an Interdependent World: The Limited Possibilities of Transformation within the Capitalist World Economy" African Studies Review, v. 17, no. 1, April 1973.
? S. Amin, "Development and Structural Change: The African Experience of 1950-1970" Journal of International Affairs Vol. 24, No. 2, 1970.
? S. Amin, "Underdevelopment and Dependence in Black Africa: Origins and Contemporary Forms," Journal of Modern African Studies Vol. 10, No. 4, 1972.
? G. Frank, "The Development of Underdevelopment" Monthly Review Vol. 18, No. 4, Sept., 1966.
? Foster, Carter A. "Neo-Marxist Approaches to Development and Underdevelopment" Journal of Contemporary Asia III, 1, 1973, pp. 7-33; also in E. de Kadt and G. Williams (eds.), Sociology and Development

IV. ALTERNATIVE THEORIES AND CRITICISM OF MODERNIZATION, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT THEORIES

Weeks 7 and 8

Required Reading:
1. Christopher Clapham, Africa and the International System: The Politics of State Survival, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

2. Ronald Segal, The Black Diaspora, New York: Farrar, Strauss & Giroux, 1995.

3. Magubane, Bernard, The Ties that Bind: African American Consciousness of Africa, World Press, 1989.

4. Yassin El Ayouty & I. William Zartman, The OAU After Twenty Years, New York, NY: Praeger, 1994.

5. Real Lavergne (Ed.) Regional Integration & Cooperation in West Africa, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1997.

References:
1. Charles K. Wiber, (ed.), The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment

See especially:
Part One: "Methodological Problems of Development," especially Charles K. Wilber, "Population and Methodological Problems of Development Theory"

Part Two: "Economic Development and Underdevelopment in Historic Perspective" (see articles by Dudley Dillard, Keith Griffin, Paul Barant, C. Wilber and J. H. Weaver)

Part Three:"Economic Development in a Revolutionary World: Trade and Dependency" (See articles by T. E. Weisskoff, Ronald Muller, Mahbub UL Hag)

Part Four:"Agricultural Institutions and Strategy" (See articles by G. Beckford, Peter Dorner and Don Kanel, Harry Cleaver, Jr., John Wong)

Part Five:"Industrial Institutions and Strategy (See articles by C. K. Wilber, Paul Streeten and Frances Stewart)

Part Six: "Comparative Models of Development" (See articles by Irma Adelman, Celso Furtado and John W. Gurley)

1. Max Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism
2. Anthony, Johnston, Jones, Uchendu, Agricultural Change in Tropical Africa
3. Thomas Balogh, The Economics of Poverty
4. Pierre Moussa, The Underprivileged Nations
5. A.N. Agarwala and S.P. Singh (eds.), The Economics of Underdevelopment (See articles by Jacob Viner, "The Economics of Development" Colin Clark, "Population Growth and Living Standards" H. Myint, "An Interpretation of Economic Backwardness" "The Historical Context" "The Theoretical Context" "External Economies of Balanced Growth" "Models of Development" (see article by W. Arthur Lewis, " Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of Labor"; Hollis Chenery, "The Role of Industrialization in Development Programs"
6. I. Adelman and Eric Thorbecke (eds.), The Theory and Design of Economic Development, especially the article by Dudley Seers, "The Use of Modified Input-Output System for an Economic Program in Zambia"
7. Willy Sellerkaertz, (ed.), Economic Development Plannings: Essays in Honor of Jan Tinbergen
8. Arthur Lewis, Some Aspects of Economic Development
9. T. Schultz, Transforming Traditional Agriculture
10. A.G. Frank, Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil
11. Robert Rhodes (ed.), Imperialism and Underdevelopment
12. Samir Amin, Accumulation on a World Scale (2 volumes)
13. Philip J. O'Brien, "A Critique of Latin American Theories of Dependency" in I. Oxaa, T. Barrett, David Booth (eds.), Beyond the Sociology of Development
14. Harry G. Johnson, "Changing Views on Trade and Development: Some Reflections" in Manning Nash (ed.), Essays on Economic Development and Cultural Change in Honor of Bert F. Hoselitz, in Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 25, Supplement 1977.
15. Robert A. Packenham, Liberal America and the Third World

V. ANALYSIS OF POLICY POTENTIALITIES OF AFRICAN DEVELOPMENTAL
STRATEGIES
-- TRANSFORMATIONIST OR INCREMENTAL PATH
-- TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS AND FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
-- TRADE, AID, NEOCOLONIALISM, CLIENTELISM AND DEPENDENCY
PRAGMATISM VERSUS AFRICAN SOCIALISM AND CLASS
CONSIDERATIONS

Weeks 9 and 10:
Required Reading:
1. Ishrat Hussain & Rashid Faruqee (eds.), Adjustment in Africa: Lessons from Country Case Studies, Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 1994.
2. Michael Brown Barratt, Africa’s Choices After Thirty Years

References:
1. Richard Sandbrook, The Politics of African Economic Recovery.
2. Dennis Cohen and John Daniel (eds.), Political Economy of Africa, New York: Longman, 1981.
3. A.Y. Yansane, Decolonization in African States of French Colonial Legacy; Comparison and Contrast: Development in Guinea. Ivory Coast. and Senegal
4. Joel Barkan with J. Orumu (eds.), Politics and Public Policy in Kenya and Tanzania, New York: Praeger, 1979.
5. Ojo et al, African International Relations (Longman, 1985).
6. D.P. Ghai (ed.), Economic Independence in Africa (see especially articles by Ghai, Onitiri, Green and Saul)
7. E. J. Berg, "Structural Transformation versus Gradualism: Recent Economic Development in Ghana and the Ivory Coast" in P. Foster and A. R. Zolberg (eds.), Ghana and the Ivory Coast: Perspectives on Modernization
8. P. Anyan’g Nyongo, "Liberal Models of Capitalist Development,” African Development, vol. 3, no. 2, 1978.
9. Stephen Hymer, "The Multinational Corporation and the Law of Uneven Development" in J. Bhagwati (ed.) , Economics and World Order From the 1970s to the 1990s.
10. UNECA, "The Multinational Corporations in Africa” in Colin Legun (ed.), Africa Contemporary Record, 1972.
11. "The Multinationals in Africa" Review of African Political Economy, No. 2, 1975.
12. "Multinationals in Africa" in Cohen & Daniel (eds.), Political Economy.
13. Richard Sklar, Corporate Power in an African Case.
14. G. Arrighi, "International Corporations, Labor Aristocracies and Economic Development in Tropical Africa," in G. Arrighi and J. Saul (eds.), Essays on Political Economy of Africa.
15. H. Johnson, International Trade and Economic Growth.
16. H. Johnson, Money, Trade and Economic Growth.
17. H. Johnson, “Economic Policies Toward Less Developed Countries."

18. H. Johnson, "Changing Views on Trade and Development" in Economic Development and Change, Vol. 25, 1977.
19. J. F. Rweymamu, "International Trade and Developing Countries," Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1969.
20. R. Green, UNCTAD and After: Anatomy of a Failure," Journal of Modern African Studies, 5, 1967.
21. Jose T. Villamil (ed.) , Transnational Capitalism and National Development: New Perspective on Dependence.
22. S. Schatz, Nigerian Capitalism.
23. Thomas J. Bierstecker, Distortion or Development? Contending Perspectives on the Multinational Corporation.
24. 0. Teriba and M.C. Kavode (eds.), Industrial Development in Nigeria: Patterns, Problems and Prospects.
25. Julius Nyere, Essays on Socialism.
26. Leopold Senghor, African Socialism.
27. Mamadou Dia, The African Nations and World Solidarity.
28. Nwame Nkrumah, Neocolonialism.
29. G. Arrighi and T. Saul, (eds.) Essays on Political Economy of Africa.
30. B. U. Mwansasu and C. Pratt, Towards Socialism in Tanzania.
31. IBRD, Kenya.
32. IBRD, Ivory Coast.
33. Colin Leys, Underdevelopment in Kenya.
34. A.Y. Yansane, Comparison and Contrast: Development in Guinea, Ivory Coast and Senegal.
35. Goran Hyden, Beyond UJAMAA in Tanzania: Underdevelopment and an Uncaptured Peasantry.
36. Clive Thomas, Dependence and Transformation: The Economics of the Transition to Socialism.
37. J. Riwyrianu, Underdevelopment and Industrialization in Tanzania: A Study of Perverse Capitalist Industrial Development.

VI. ANALYSIS OF POLICY POTENTIALITIES OF AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES: CONSTRAINTS AND LIMITED OPTIONS

? CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL DIMENSIONS OF DEPENDENCE
? ECONOMIC, POLITICAL AND MILITARY RELATIONS WITH EUROPE: THE LOME CONVENTION
? BALANCE OF PAYMENTS PROBLEMS, TRADE AND FOREIGN INVESTMENTS
? ATTEMPTS AT INTEGRATION IN AFRICA AND AFRICA AND THE EMERGING NEW WORLD ORDER
? PROBLEMS OF STATE FORMATION, ELITE, WORKERS AND PEASANTS
? LABOR, THE INFORMAL SECTOR AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: URBAN WORKERS, UNDEREMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT, MIGRANT WORKERS, TRADE UNIONS AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
? STRATEGIES OF CHANGE IN PROTOTYPE SYSTEMS OF GHANA/NIGERIA, SENEGAL/IVORY COAST/CAMEROON, ANGOLA/ZAIRE, ZAMBIA/ZIMBABWE, KENYA/TANZANIA, ETC.

Weeks 11 and 12:
Required Reading:
A.Y. Yansane (ed.), Prospects for Recovery and Sustainable Development, Westport, CN and London: Greenwood Press, 1996.

A.Y. Yansane (ed.), Development Strategies in Africa in the 1990s, Westport CN & London: Greenwood Press, 1996.

References:
1. Colin Legun, et al., Africa in the 1980s.
2. Stanlev Greenberg, Race and State in Capitalist Development.
3. Terence Ranger, Peasant Consciousness and Guerrilla War in Zimbabwe (UC Press).
4. C.W. P. Gutkind and P. Waterman (eds.) , African Social Studies (Part III, IV, V, VI, VII).
5. John Saul (ed.), A Difficult Road: The Mozambican Socialism.
6. S. Urdang, Fighting Two Colonialisms: The Women's Struggle in Guinea Bissau.
7. Frantz Fanon, The Colonizer and the Colonized.
8. Jose J. Villamil (ed.) Transnational Capitalism and National Development, especially Part Two:"Transnational Structures."
9. I. Wallerstein, “Elites in French-Speaking West Africa," Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 3, No. 1, 1965, pp. 1-33.
10. Rita Cruise O'Brien, "Mass Communications: Social Mechanisms of Incorporation and Dependence" in Jose Villamil (ed.), Transnational Capitalism and National Development
11. Cheryl Payer, The Debt Trap.
12. Robin Luckham, "Militarism and International Dependence: A Framework for Analysis" in J. Villamil (ed.), Transnational Capitalism.
13. A. Y. Yansane, "Cultural Cooperation as a Development Strategy” Ch. 6 in Comparison and Contrast in Development.
14. S. Arthur Hazlewood, Economic Integration: East Asian Experience.
15. EEC-ACP, LOME Dossier in COURIER, No. 31, Special Issue, see March, 1975.
16. EEC-ACP, (LOME II) in COURIER, No. 5, Special Issue, 1979.
17. Andrzeij Khassowski, Development and the Debt Trap.
18. Dharam P. Ghai, "Perspectives on Future Economic Prospects and Problems in Africa,” in J. Bhagwati (ed.), Economics and World Order from the 1970s to the 1990s.
19. R. Green and A. Seidman, Unity or Poverty: The Economics of Pan-Africanism.
20. F. Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, especially the Pitfalls of National Consciousness.
21. Cohen and Daniel, "Class and the Analysis of African Politics: Problems and Prospects."
22. R. Lemarchand, "Political Clientelism and Ethnicity in Tropical Africa: Competing Solidarities in Nation Building" (mimeo).
23. J. Saul and R. Woods, "African Peasantries."
24. J. Saul, "African Peasants and Revolution" all in Cohen and Daniel (ed.), Political Economy.
25. John Saul, (ed.), The State and Revolution in Eastern Africa.
26. John Dunn (ed.) West African States.
27. Barrington Moore, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World.
28. Billy Dudley, An Introduction to Nigerian Government and Politics and Crisis in Nigeria.
29. Billy Dudley, Instability and Political Order: Politics and Crisis in Nigeria.
30. Sandbrook and Cohen (eds.), The Development of an African Working Class.
31. Steven Langdon, "Multinational Corporations and the State in Africa."
32. Martin Godfrey and Steven Langdon, "Partners in Underdevelopment? The Transnationalization Thesis in a Kenyan Context" in Jose Villamil (ed.), Transnational Capitalism and National Development.
33. Nicola Swainson, "State and Economy in Post Colonial Kenya," Canadian Journal of African Studies, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1978, pp. 357-381.
34. Claude Meillassoux, "A Class Analysis of the Bureaucratic Process in Mali," The Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 6, no. 2, 1970.
35. I. Wallerstein, "Class and Class Conflict in Contemporary Africa," Canadian Journal of African Studies, vol. 7, no. 3, 1973.
36. Max Weber, “Bureaucracy and Political Leadership."
37. Otto Hintze, "The State in Historical Pespective” both in Reinhard Bendix, et al., State and Society.
38. Colin Leys, “The Overdeveloped Post-Colonial State: A Reevaluation" Review of African Political Economy, No. 5, Jan-April, 1976.
39. "Classes in Africa" (whole issue) , Review of African Political Economy, no. 3, May-Oct., 1975.
40. "Peasants" Review of African Political Economy, no. 10, Sept.-Dec., 1997.
41. Amilcar Capra, Revolution in Guinea: Proletarinization and Class Struggle in Africa, C.M., no. 6, 1982
42. Peter Flynn, "Class, Clientelism and Coercion: Some Mechanisms of Internal Dependency and Control," Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Political Studies, vol. 12, no. 2, 1974.
43. Jennifer S. Whitaker (ed.), Africa and the United States: Vital Interests, New York University Press, 1978.
44. Helen Kitchen (ed.), Options for U.S. Policy Toward Africa.
45. Steven Langdon and Lyn Mytelza, "Africa in the Changing World Economy" in Colin Legun et al., Africa in the 1980's, pp. 123-211.
46. Product Commission, North/South Dialogue: A Program for Survival.
47. World Bank, Accelerated Development in Sub Saharan Africa.
48. Hollis Chenery, Structural Change and Development Policy.

VII. CHANGE IN THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA AND AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT

Week 13:

Recommended Reading:
A Report from the Macroeconomic Research Group (MERG) to the Members of the Democratic Movement of South Africa, Making Democracy Work: Framework for Macroeconomic Policy in South Africa, Western Cape, SA: Centre for Development Studies, 1993.

References:
Joe N. Garba (ed.), Towards Sustainable Peace and Stability in Southern Africa, New York, NY: Institute of International Education (IIE), 1994.
Joe N. Garba (ed.), Restructuring the Security Forces for a New South Africa, New York, NY: IIE, 1994
Report of the Study Commission on U.S. Policy Toward Southern Africa, South Africa: Time Running Out (to be read with ANC and PAC programs)
or
Ann and Neva Seidman, South Africa and U.S. Multinational Corporations.
Mark A. Uhlig, Apartheid in Crisis (Random, 1986).
Frederick A. Johnstone, "White Prosperity and White Supremacy in South Africa Today," African Affair, Vol. 69, no. 275.
George M. Frederickson, White Supremacy.
B. Magubane, The Political Economy of Race and Class in Southern Africa.
Palmer and Parsons (eds.) Political Economy. Read essays on “Black Consciousness” by R. Nengwekhulu and “Prespectives of Struggle in South Africa" by J. Slovo.
Donald Woods, Biko.
Ernest Harsh, South Africa: White Rule, Black Revolt.
Harold Volpe, “The Theory of Internal Colonialism: The South African Case” in Ivan Oxaal, Tony Barnett, David Booth (eds.), Beyond the Sociology of Development: Economy of Society in Latin America and Africa.
Harold Volpe, "Capitalism and Cheap Labor-Power in South Africa: From Segregation to Apartheid."
Jill Nattrass, The South African Economy: Its Growth and Change.

VIII. EXPERTS’ OPINIONS

Week 14: Recent Policy Papers
1. Council of Minsters, Seventeenth Extraordinary Session, “Relaunching Africa’s Economic & Social Development: The Cairo Agenda for Action,” 25-28 March 1995, Cairo, Egypt, ECM/2 (XVII) Rev. 3.
2. OAU/The Cairo Consultation, “The OAU Mechanisms for Conflict Prevention, Management & Resolution, Cairo, Egypt, 7-11 May, 1994.
3. The World Bank, Africa Region, “A Continent in Transition: Sub Saharan Africa in the Mid-1990's,” 11 January 1995, Washington, DC.
4. The Global Coalition for Africa (GCA), “Africa: 1990-1995 and Beyond” Committee Meetings, Accra, Ghana, 7-9 June 1995.
5. GCA, “Enhancing the Investment Environment in Africa,” 1998.
6. GCA, “Africa and International Trade Strategies for Effective Participation in the Global Market,” 1997.
7. GCA, “Corruption & Development in Africa,” 1997.
8. GCA, “The Debt Problem of Highly Indebted Poor Countries in Africa,” 1996.
9. GCA, “Transitions to Democracy in Africa: A Cross-National Study: Research Design & Methodology,” 1993.
10. UNDO, “Stakeholder Analysis: A Vital Tool for Strategic Managers,” IPC Technical Note No. 2.
11. UNDP, “Strategic Planning & Strategic Management: What are They & How are They Different?” IPC Technical Note No. 1.
12. UNDP, “Export Expansion & Investment Promotion in Sub Saharan Africa: Implementation Constraints to Getting Policy Right,” IPC Working Paper No. 5.
13. UNDP, “Implementing Privatization Policy in Developing Countries: A Selected Literature Review,” IPC Working Paper No. 3.
14. UNDP, “Beyond Policy Reform in Africa: Sustaining Development Through Strengthening Entrepreneurship and the Non-Government Sector,” IPC Working Paper No. 2.
15. UNDP, Public Sector Management, Governance & Sustainable Human Development: A Discussion Paper.
16. UNDP’s Management Development Programme (MDP).
17. UNDP, UNDP & The Private Sector, Opportunities in a Challenging World: Towards Sustainable Human Development in the 21st Century.
18. Yeheztal Dror, The Capacity to Govern, Report to The Club of Rome, July 1994.
19. UNDP, Regional Bureau for Africa, “Venture Capital Funds, Business Incubation Centers, The Investment Feasibility Study Facility.”
20. INDP, “Support for Development in Sub Saharan Africa,” Georgina Ashworth, Gender & Governance, 1995.
21. UNDP Strategy Paper, “Cities, People & Poverty: Urban Development Cooperation for the 1990's.”
22. UNDP, “Local Initiative Facility for Urban Environment Local - 1993: The First Year of Local Dialogue.”
23. UNDP, “UNDP & Organizations of Civil Society Building Sustainable Partnerships,” 1993.
24. Steven Glovinsky, CAPBUILD for Institutions, “UNDP’s Design Assistant for Institution-Building Projects,” 1994.
25. Keiko Kai & Lily Ho, “UNDP-West Africa, Presentation of the Uruguay Round of Trade Agreements,” 1.
26. UNDP-RBA, “Improvement in Human Conditions in Sub-Saharan Africa: The First Step Towards Sustainable Human Development: Outline Strategy for Urgent Action: Policy Paper.”
27. UNIDO, Global Forum on Industry: Perspectives for 2000 and Beyond, New Delhi, India, 16-18 October, 1995.
28. UNIDO Secretariat, “Industrial Development and International Cooperation: The Future Role of UNIDO.”
29. UNIDO Secretariat, “Globalization & Industrial Partnerships.”
30. UNIDO/Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER) “Sectorial Impact of the Uruguay Round Agreements: Export of Textiles from Asian Developing Countries.
31. UNIDO/Adrian Hewitt, Antonique Konig and Michael Davenport, “The Impact of the Uruguay Round Agreements on Manufactured Products of the African, Caribbean & Pacific Group.
32. UNIDO Secretariat, “New Technologies, Innovations and Competitiveness.”
33. UNIDO/Mudziviri Nziramasanga, “Formulating Industrial Policy in Africa: 2000 and Beyond.”
34. UNIDO/John Humphrey, “Industrialization in Developing Countries: The Challenges of Employment and Social Integration.”
35. UNIDO/Peter Nunnenkamp & Erich Gundlach, “Globalization of Manufacturing Activity: Evidence and Implications for Industrialization in Developing Countries.”
36. UNIDO/Katherine Marton, “Recent Industrial Policies in Developing Countries and Economies in Transition: Trends & Impact.”
37. UNIDO/Charles Cooper (United Nations for New Technologies - (UNU/INTECH)), “Technological Change and Dual Economies.”
38. UNIDO Secretariat, “Industrial Policy Reforms: The Changing Role of Governments & Private Sector Development.”

39. UNIDO/Raphael Kaplinsky, “The Implications of New Organizational Techniques for Development Countries.”
40. UNIDO Secretariat, “Global Trade Liberalization: Implications for Industrial Restructuring.”
41. UNIDO/Nagesh Kumai, “Foreign Direct Investment, Technology Transfer & Exports of Development Countries: Trends & Policy Implications.”
42. UNIDO Secretariat, “Employment & Social Aspects of Industrialization.”
43. The African Development Ban (ADB) Committee of Eminent Personalities on The Role of the ADB on the Implementation of the Establishment of The African Economic Community , Abidjan, 29 February 1992.
44. UNDP/OAU/A. Yansane, “A Report of the Joint Evaluation Mission on the OAU, UNDP, Office for Project Services on the Improvement of the Administrative & Management Capability (Project RAF/87/101) and The Establishment of the African Economic Community, May 27 - August 27, 1993, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
45. UNDP/A. Yansane, “Fifth Intercounty Programme Conceptual Framework Paper,” October 6 - November 6, 1995, New York, NY.
46. UNDP/OAU/A. Yansane, “Elaboration of a Strategy to Promote Regional Cooperation and Integration for Industry in Africa, in the Framework of the African Economic Community Treaty and Related Protocol for Industry, The Second Industrial Development Decade for Africa and the Cairo Agenda for Action (Project YA/RAF/95/X53, Vienna, Austria.

IX. CONCLUSION: A CALL FOR A HIGHER LEVEL OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Week 15:

FIRST LIST OF BOOKS TO BE REVIEWED

*Anderson, Elijah and Douglas S. Massey, (Eds.), Problem of the Century: Racial Stratification in the United States, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation,

2004).

*Andersson, Frederick, Harry J. Holzer, and Julia I. Lane (Eds.), Moving Up Or Moving On: Who Advances in the Low-Wage Labor Market, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Auerback, Alan, J. David Card and John M. Quigley, (Eds.), Public Policy and the Income Distribution, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Baumol, William, Alan Blinder, Edward Wolff, Downsizing in America: Reality, Causes and Consequences, (NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2003).

*Blau, Francine D. and Lawrence M. Kahn, At Home and Abroad: US Labor Market Performance in International Perspective, (New York: Russell Foundation, 2007).

*Blau, Francine D. and Mary C. Brinton and David B. Grusky (Eds.), The Declining Significance of Gender? ( New York: Russell Foundation, 2006).

*Blank, Rebecca M. et al., (EDs.), Working and Poor: How Economic and Policy Changes Are Affecting Low Wage Workers, (Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Baumol, William , Alan S. Blinder and Edward N. Wolf, Downsizing in America: Reality, Causes, and Consequences, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Bean, Frank, and Gillian Stevens, America’s New Comers and the Dynamics of Diversity, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005

*Bolton, Patrick & Howard Rosenthal, (Eds.), Credit Markets for the Poor, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Bushway, Shawn, et al. (Eds.), Barriers to Reentry? The Labor Market for Released Prisoners in Post-Industrial America, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Charles, Camille Zubrinsky, Won’t Be My Neighbor Race, Class, and Residence in Los Angeles

*Chaudry, Ajay, Putting Children First: How Low Wage Working Mothers Manage Child Care, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Chernick, Howard, (Ed.), Resilient City: The Economic Impact of 9/11, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 23005).

Colander, David, Robert E. Prasch, and Falguni A. Sheth, Race, Liberalism and Economics, (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004).

Cole, Michael et al. The Fifth Dimension: An After School Program Built on Diversity, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

Cook, Scott, Understanding Commodity Cultures: Explorations in Economic Anthropology With Case Studies from Mexico, (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004).

*Danziger, Sheldon and Jane Waldofogel, (Eds., Securing the Future: Investing in Children from Birth to College, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Davis, Darren W., Negative Liberty: Public Opinion and the Terrorist Attacks of America, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Deaux, Kay, To Be an Immigrant, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

De Vroey, Michel, Involuntary Unemployment, The Elusive Quest for a Theory, (London: Routledge, 2004).

*Dobbin, Frank, (Ed.), The Sociology of the Economy, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2004).

*Duncan, Greg J., Aletha C. Huston, and Thomas S. Weisner, Higher Ground,: New Hope for the Working Poor and Their Children, (NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Duncan, Greg J. and P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale, (Eds.), For Better and For Worse: Welfare Reform and the Well-Being of Children and Families, (NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 2004).

*Durand Jorge and Douglas S Massey, (Eds.), Crossing Border: Research from the Mexican Migration Project, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs and Arne L. Kalleberg, (Eds.), Fighting for Time: Shifting Boundaries of Work and Social Life, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Epstein, David L. et al., (Eds.), The future of the Voting Rights Act, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Farley, Reynolds and John Haaga, (Eds.), The American People: Census 2000, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Fisher , Claude S. and Michael Hout, Century of Difference: How America Changed in the Last One Hundred Years, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Foner, Nancy, (Ed.), Wounded City: The Social Impact of 9/11, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Foner, Nancy and George M. Frederickson, (Eds.), Not Just Black and White: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Immigration, Race, and Ethnicity in the United States, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Fox, Réné C. et al., (Eds.), After Parsons: AS Theory of Social Action fo0r the Twenty-First Century, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Gambetta, Diego and Heather Hamill, Streetwise: How Taxi Drivers Establish Their Customers’ Trustworthiness, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Gerstle, Gary and John Mollenkopft, (Eds.), E. Pluribus Unum? Contemporary and Historical Perspectives on Immigrant Political Incorporation, (New York: Russell Sage,

2004).

*Gibson, James L. Overcoming Apartheid: Can Truth Reconcile a Divided Nation? (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

Grinols, Earl L., Gambling in America: Costs and Benefits, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004).

*Guillen, Mauro F. et al. (Eds.), The New Economic Sociology : Developments in an Emerging Field, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

Gunn, Christopher, Third Sector Development: Making Up For the Market, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004).

*Gornick, Janet C. and Marcia K. Meyers, Families That Work: Policies for Reconciling Parenthood and Employment, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

Harriss-White, Barbara, Globalization and Insecurity: Political, Economic and Physical Challenges, (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002).

Heckscher, Charles, Michael Maccoby, Rafael Ramirez, and Pierre-Eric Tixier, Agents of Change: Crossing the Post-Industrial Divide, (NY: Oxford University Press, 2003).

Helmore, Kristin and Naresh Singh, Sustainable Livelihoods: Building on the Wealth of the Poor, (W. Hartford, Ct: Kumarian, 2001).

Isbister, John, Capitalism and Justice: Envisioning Social and Economic Fairness, (W. Hartford, Ct: Kumarian, 2000).

Jacobs, Harvey (ed.), Private Property in the 21st Century: The Future of an American Ideal, (Northampton, MA.: Edward Elgar, 2004).

*Jacobs, Lawrence R. and Theda Skokpol, (Eds.), Inequality and American Democracy: What We know and What we Need to Learn, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation,

2007).

Jansen, Kees, and Sietze Vellema, Agribusiness and Society: Corporate Responses to Environmentalism, Market Opportunities and Public Regulation, (London: Zed Books, 2004).

*Jones-Correa, Michael, (Ed.), Governing American Cities: Inter-Ethnic Coalitions, Competition and Conflict, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Kasinitz, Philip, et al. (Eds.), Becoming New Yorkers: Ethnographies of the New Second Generation, (New York: Russell age Foundation, 2006).

.*Krysan, Maria and Amanda E. Lewis, (Eds.), The Changing Terrai9n of Race and Ethnicity, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006)

*levitt, Peggy and Mary C. Waters, (Eds.), The Changing Face of Home: The Transnational Lives of the Second Generation, (new York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

Lawson, Tony, Reorienting Economics, (NY: Routledge, 2003).

McDermott, John, Economics in Real Time: A Theoretical Reconstruction, (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004).

Mandle, Jay R., Globalization and the Poor, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003).

Maurer, Bill, Pious Property: Islamic Mortgages in the United States, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Medin, Douglas L. et al. Culture and Resource Conflict: Why Meanings Matter, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Mead, Lawrence M. and Christopher Beem (Eds.), Welfare Reform and Political Theory, (New York; Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Milkman, Ruth, L.A. Story Immigrant Workers and the Future of the US Labor Movement, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

Miron, Jeffrey A., Drug War Crimes: The Consequences of Prohibition, (Oakland, CA: The Independent Institute, 2004).

*Mollenkopf, John, (Ed.), Contentious City: The Politics of Recovery in New York City, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, Timothy M. Smeeding and Lee Rainwater, (Eds.), The Future of the Family, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Munger, Frank (Ed.), Laboring below the Line: The New Ethnography of Poverty, Low Wage Work, and Survival in the Global Economy, (Ney York: Russell Sage Found. 2007).

*Neckerman, Kathryn M. (Ed.), Social Inequality, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation). This will count for three books.

*Nelson, Richard L., The Limits of Market Organization, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Neumark, David (Ed.), Improving School-to-Work Transitions, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

Norberg-Hodge, Helena, Todd Merrifield and Steven Gorelick, Bringing the Food Economy Home: Local Alternatives to Global Agribusiness, (W. Hartford, Ct: Kumarian, 2003).

Obach, Brian, Labor and the Environmental Movement: The Quest for Common Ground, (Cambridge: MIT, 2004).

*Perlmann, Joel and Mary C, Waters, (Eds.), The New Race Question: How the Census Counts Multiracial Individuals, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

Perelman, Michael, The Pathology of the U.S. Economy Revisited: The Intractable Contradictions of Economic Policy, (London: Palgrave 2002).

Perelman, Michael, The Perverse Economy: The Impact of Markets on People and the Environment, (New York: Palgrave 2003).

*Pressler, Harriet B., Working in a 24/7 Economy: Challenges for American Families, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Prewitt, Kenneth et al., (Eds,), The Legitimacy of Philanthropic Foundations: United States and European Perspectives, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

Raworth, Kate, Trading Away Our Rights: Women Working in Global Supply Chains, (Oxford: Oxfam, 2004).

Razavi, Shahra (ed.), Shifting Burdens: Gender and Agrarian Change Under Neo-liberalism, (W. Hartford, Ct: Kumarian, 2002).

*Rainwater, Lee and Timothy Smeeding, Poor Kids in a Rich Country: America’s Children in Comparative Perspective, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005

*Rosenbaum, James et al., After Admission: From College Access to College Success, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Saegert, Susan J. et al. (Eds.), Social Capital and Poor Communities, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Selman, Robert L., The Promotion of Social Awareness: Powerful Lessons from the Partnership of Developmental Theory and Classroom Practice, (New York: Russell
Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Shapiro, Thomas M. & Edward Wolf (Eds.), Assets for the Poor: The Benefits of Spreading Asset Ownership, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2005).

*Shaw, Kathleen M. et al., Putting Poor People to work: How the Work-First Idea Eroded College Access for the Poor, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Shweder, Richard A., et al. (Eds.), Engaging Cultural Differences : The Multicultural Challenge in Liberal Democracies , (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2004).

Valelly, Richard M., The Two Reconstructions: The Struggle for Black Enfranchisement, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004).

*Western, Bruce, Punishment and Inequality in America, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Yoshikawa, Hirokazu, Thomas S. Weisner and Edward D. Lowe, (Eds.), Making It Work: Low Wage Employment, Family Life, and Child Development, (New York:

Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Zuniga, Victor and Ruben Hernandez-Leon, (Eds.), New Destinations: Mexican Immigration in the United States, (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Zunz, Oliver et al., (Eds.), Social Contracts Under Stress : The Middle Classes of America, Europe, and Japan at the Turn of the Century, (New York: Russell Sage

Foundation, 2004).

SECOND LIST OF BOOKS TO BE REVIEWED

*Aladjem Daniel K. and Kathryn M. Borman (Eds.), Examining Comprehensive School Reform, (Washington: Urban Institute Press, 2006).

*Aronowitz, Stanley, How Class Works: Power and Social Movement, (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003).

*Benner, Chris, et al. Staircases or Treadmills? Labor Market Intermediaries and Economic Opportunity in a Changing Economy, (N.Y: Russell Sage Found., 2007).

*Bianchi, Suzanne M. et al., Changing Rhythms of American Family Life, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Boris, Elizabeth T., Non-Profits and Government: Collaboration and Conflict, Second Edition, (Washington: Urban Institute Press, 2006).

*Butts, Jeffrey A. and John Roman, Juvenile Drug Courts and Teen Substance Abuse, (Washington: Urbant Institute Press, 2004)

*Dicker-Conlin, Stacy and Ross Rubenstein (Eds.), Economic Inequality and Higher Education: Access, Persistence and Success, (N.Y: Russell Sage Found., 2007).

*Forman, Jonathan Barry, Making America Work, (Washington: Urban Institute Press, 2006).

*Edelman, Peter, et al., Reconnecting Disadvantaged Young Men, (Washington: Urban Institute Press, 2006).

*Freeman, Richard B., America Works: Critical Thoughts on the Exceptional US Labor Market, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Fuligni, Andrew J., Contesting Stereotypes and Creating Identities: Social Categories, Social Identities, and Educational Participation, (N.Y” Russell Sage Found., 2007).

*Hao, Lingxin, Color Lines, Country Lines: Race, Immigration, and Wealth Stratification in America, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Hatry, Harry P., Performance Measurement: Getting Results, Second Edition, (Washington: Urban Institute Press, 2007).

*Henry, C. Michael (Ed.), Race, Poverty, and Domestic Policy, (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004).

*Kenworthy, Lane, Egalitarian Capitalism: Jobs, Incomes, and Growth in Affluent Countries, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Martin, Philip, et al., The New Rural Poverty: Agriculture and Immigration in California, (Washington: Urban Institute Press, 2006).

*Massey, Douglas S., Categorically Unequal: The American Stratification System, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Mincy, Ronald B., Black Males Left Behind, (Washington: Urban Institute Press, 2006).

*Moon, Marilyn, Medicare: A Policy Primer, (Washington: Urban Institute Press, 2006).

*Myers, Dowell, Immigrants and Boomers: Forging a New Social Contract for the Future of America, (N.Y: Russel Sage Foundation, 2007).

Nell, Edward J., and Mathew Forstater (eds.), Reinventing Functional Finance: Transformational Growth and Full Employment, (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2003).

*Nelson, Robert, H., Private Neighborhoods and the Transformation of Local Government, (Washington: Urban Institute Press, 2005).

*O’Connor, Alice, Social Science for What? Philanthropy and the Social Question in a World Turned Rightside Up, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Perlmann, Joel, Italians Then, Mexicans Now: Immigrant Origins and Second Generation Progress, 1890 to 2000, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Rae, Douglas W., City: Urbanism and Its End, (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2003).

Russell, Judith, Economics, Bureaucracy, and Race: How Keynesians Misguided the War on Poverty, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004).

*Seidman Gay W, Beyond the Boycott: Labor Rights, Human Rights and Transnational Activism, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

Smith, Jeffrey, Seeds of Deception: Exposing Industry and Government Lies About the Safety of the Genetically Engineered Foods You’re Eating, (Fairfield, Iowa: Yes! Books, 2003).

Smock, Kristina, Democracy in Action: Community Organizing and Urban Change, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004).

Sodersten, Bo, Globalization and the Welfare State, (New York: Palgrave, 2004).

Soros, George, The Bubble of American Supremacy: Correcting the Misuse of American Power, (New York: Public Affairs, 2004).

*Soss, Joe et al. (Eds.), Remaking America: Democracy and Public Policy in a Age of Inequality, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Sowell, Thomas, Affirmative Action Around the World, (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004).

*Sowell, Thomas, Economic facts and Fallacies, (New York: The Perseus Books Group, 2008).

*Sowell, Thomas, On Classical Economics, (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006).

*Travis, Jeremy, But They All Come Back: Facing the Challenges of Prisoner Reentry, (Washington: Urban Institute Press, 2005).

Weisskopf, Thomas E., Affirmative Action in the United States and India: A Comparative Perspective, (London: Routledge, 2004).

*Werner, Alan, A Guide to Implementation Research ( about the Welfare Reform of the 1990s), Washington: Urban Institute Press., 2004).

Westbrook, David A., City of Gold: An Apology for Global Capitalism in a Time of Discontent, (NY: Routledge, 2004).

Zein-Elabdin, Eiman, and S. Charusheela (eds.), Postcolonialism Meets Economics, (New York: Routledge, 2004).

Zweig, Michael (ed.), What’s Class Got to Do With It?: American Society in the XXI Century, (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2004).

ling, James J. Economics, Politics and American Public Policy, (Armonk, N.y: M.E. Sharpe, 2008).

*Hackler, Darrene L., Cities in the Technology Economy, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2006).

*Hamilton, David K. and Patricia S. Atkins, Urban & Regional Policies for Metropolitan Livability, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2008).

*Hardy Melissa and Lawrence Hazelrigg, Pension Puzzles: Social Security and the Great Debate, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Kasinitz, Philip et al., Inheriting the City: The Children of Immigrants Come of Age, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

*Lareau Annette and Dalton Conley (Eds.), Social Class: How Does It Work? (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008)

*Levin-Waldman, Oren M., The Political Economy of the Living Wage: A Study of Four Cities, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2005).

*Lin, Ann Chih and David R. Harris (Eds.), The Colors of Poverty: Why Racial and Ethnic Disparities Persist, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

*Light, Ivan, Deflecting Immigration: Networks, Markets and Regulation in Los Angeles, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

THIRD SET OF BOOKS TO BE REVIEWED

* Appelbaum, Eileen et al. (Eds.), Low Wage America: How Employers Are Reshaping Opportunity in the Workplace, (N.Y; Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Bartels, Larry M., Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

*Bennett, Larry, Janet L. Smith and Patricia Wright, Where Are Poor People to Live? Transforming Public Housing Communities, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2006).

*Beramendi Pablo and Christopher J. Anderson (Eds.), Democracy, Inequality, and Representation: A Comparative Perspective, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

*Brehm, John and Scott Gates, Teaching, Tasks, and Trust: Functions of the Public Executive, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

*Bushway, Shawn et al. (Eds.) Barriers to Reentry? The Labor Market for Released Prisoners in Post-Industrial America, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Danziger, Sheldon and Cecilia Elena Rouse (Eds.), The Price of Independence: The Economics of Early Adulthood, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*England, Paula and Kathryn Edin (Eds.), Unmarried Couples with Children, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007

*Ewing, Katherine Pratt (Ed.), Being and Belonging: Muslims in the United States Since 9/11, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

*Farber, Daniel (Ed.), Security V. Liberty: Conflicts Between National Security and Civil Liberties in American History, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

*Frumkin, Norman, Tracking America’s Economy, Fourth Edition, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2004).

*Furstenberg, Frank F., Destinies of the Disadvantaged: The Politics of Teen Childbearing, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007

*Garmese, Shari, People and the Competitive Advantage of Place: Building a Workforce for the 21^st Century, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe,2006).

*Gos uglass S. (Ed.), New Faces in New Places: The Changing Geography of American Immigration, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

*McDonald, John F., Urban America: Growth, Crisis and Rebirth, (Armonk, N.Y: M. E. Sharpe, 2007)

*Meyer, Madonna Harrington and Pamela Herd, Market Friendly or Family Friendly? The State and Gender Inequality in Old Age, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Min., Pyong Gap, Ethnic Solidarity for Economic Survival: Korean Greengrocers in New York City, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

*Minow, Martha et al. (Eds.), Just Schools: Pursuing Equality in Societies of Difference, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

*Miringoff, Marque-Luisa and Sandra Opdycke, America’s Social Health: Putting Social Issues Back on the Public Agenda, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2008).

*Model, Suzanne, West Indian Immigrants: A Black Success Story, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

*Musgrave, Frank W. The Economics of US Health Care Policy: The Role of Market Forces, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2006).

*Patel, Kant and Mark E. Rushefsky, Health Care Politics and Policy in America, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E Sharpe, 2006).

*Pattilo, Mary et al. (Eds.), Imprisoning America: The Social Effects of Mass Incarceration, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006).

*Rauch, James, The Missing Links: Formation and Decay of Economic Networks, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Rodgers Jr., Harrell R. American Poverty in a New Era of Reform, Second Edition, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2006

*Rubin, Julia Sass (Ed.), Financing Low-Income Communities: Models, Obstacles, and Future Directions, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007

*Schoeni, Robert F. et al. (Eds.), Making Americans Healthier: Social and Economic Policy as Health Policy, (N.Y: Russell Health Foundation, 2008).

*Sherman, Howard J. How Society Makes Itself: The Evolution of Political and Economic Institutions, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2006).

*Smith, Sandra Susan, Lone Pursuit: Distrust and Defensive Individualism Among Black Poor, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Swartz, Katherine, Reinsuring Health: Why More Middle-Class People Are Uninsured and What Government Can Do? (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2007).

*Telles Edward E. and Vilma Ortiz, Generations of Exclusion: Mexican Americans, Assimilation and Race, (N.Y: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008).

*Wagner, Fritz W. (Eds.), Revitalizing the City: Strategies to Contain Sprawl and Revive the Core, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2005).

*Wiewel, Wim and Gerrit-Jan Knapp, Partnerships for Smart Growth: University-Community Collaboration for Better Public Places, (Armonk, N.Y: M.harpe, 2005).

*Wiewel, Wim and David C. Perry, Global Universities and Urban Development: Case Studies and Analysis, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2008).

*Wiewel, Win and David C. Perry, The University as Urban Developer: Case Studies and Analysis, (Armonk, N.Y: M.E. Sharpe, 2005).VI. COURSE OUTLINE

COURSE OUTLINE

INTRODUCTION

Week 1: Definition & Concepts: Prices, Incomes, GDP; Measurements and Shortcomings; Human Development Indicators; National Account & The Circular Flow.

Week 2:THE MARKET PRINCIPLE
References and Readings:
1. Lloyd Hogan, Principles of Black Political Economy.
2. Blair, Retreat to the Ghetto.
3. Lacy, White Use of Blacks in America.
4. Franklin, >From Slavery to Freedom.
5. Michael J. Piore, "The Dual Labor Market Theory and Implications", in D.M. Gordon (Ed.) PPE.
6. Herman P. Miller, "A New Look at Inequality, Poverty and Under-Employment in the U.S.A. Without Rose Colored Glasses", Review of Black Political Economy, Vol. III No. 2,1973.
7. Harold Baron, "The Demand of Black Labor", in Edward et al. American Capitalism.
8. Michael Reich, "The Economics of Racism", in Edward et al. American Capitalism.
9. Thomas Sowell, Race, Politics and Economics, Chapter 1

.
CLASS OUTLINE

Chapter 1
A Critical Analysis of a Popular Approach to Evaluating Current Status of Blacks.
Weeks 3 - 4

Required Reading:
1. Urban League, The State of Black America, (Current Year).

References:
1. Thomas Sowell, Economics and Politics of Race.
2. Ben J. Wattemberg & Richard M. Scammon, "Black Progress and Liberal Rhetoric", Commentary, April 1973, pp. 33 - 44.
3. Karl D. Gregory, "A Brief Report on the State of the Black Economy 1973", Review of Black Political Economy, Vol. III No. 3, 1973, pp. 3 - 16.
4. Herrington Bryce, "Putting Black Economic Progress in Perspective", Ebony Vol. XXVIII, No. 10, August 1973, pp. 58 - 62.
5. National Commission for Manpower Policy, The Economic Position of Black Americans: 1976 Special Report No. #4, July 1976.
6. Gordon, "General Perspectives", in D.M. Gordon (Ed.) Problems in Political Economy, pp. 1- 52.
7. James Tobin, "On Improving the Economic Status of the Negro", in T. Parsons and K.B. Clark (Ed.), The Negro American pp. 451 - 471.
8. Vatter & T. Palm, (Ed.) "The Status of Black Americans" in The Economics of Black America, Part 1 pp. 3 - 175.
9. "Blacks and the Money Crunch: What it Means to You and How to Survive and Overcome in These Hard Times", Ebony Special Issue, August 1980, especially pp. 31 - 45.

CHAPTER II
Strategies of Black Economic Development
Weeks 5 -8

Strategies to Attack Black Poverty
The Choices Before Us
Preparation for Productive Income
Discrimination in Resource Markets
Housing and Jobs
Projects for Black Business
Income Maintenance
Employment and The Price Level

Required Reading: One book from the third set of required readings:

(1) T. Bates, Banking on Black Entrepreneurship, Washington DC: Joint Center for Political & Economic Studies, 1993.
(2) Robert L. Wallace, Black Wealth Through Black Entrepreneurship, Englewood, NJ: Duncan & Duncan, Inc., 1993.
(3) Dona Cooper Hamilton & Charles V. Hamilton, The Dual Agenda: The African American Struggle for Civil & Economic Equality, NY: Columbia University Press, 1997.
(4) Clarence J. Munford, Race & Reparations: A Black Perspective for the 21st Century, Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, Inc., 1996.

Reference and Readings:
1. Shelley Green & Paul Pryde, Black Entrepreneurship in America. New Brunswick, NJ.: Transaction Publishers, 1990.
2. James Jennings, The Politics of Black Empowerment The Transformation of Black Activism in Urban America. Detroit, Ml.: Wayne State University Press, 1992.
3. Vatter & T. Palm, (Ed.) "Policy Alternatives; Part 2", in The Economics of Black America pp. 179-251, 252-293. (Especially the articles by Lester Thurow, Congressional Black Caucus, Whitney Young, William Henderson and Larry Ledebur, Thomas J. Bray, Richard P. Nathan, Chester Hartmon, Wall Street Journal, G. Meany, E.P. Foley, Rural Advancement Fund, U.S. Council of Economic Advisors, Richard A. Cloward and Frances F. Riven, Clarence Funnye, Sherwood O. Berg, Michael J. Boskin, Linda Hunt, James Tobin, Robinson G. Holister and J.L. Palmer.)
4. Robert Browne, "The Black Stake in Global Inequality", The Review of Black Political Economy (or RBPE) Vol. 11, No. 4, 1976. pp. 409 - 419.
5. ----------- "The Economic Case for Reparation to Black America", American Economic Review, May 1972.
6. ----------- “Economics and the Black Community in America", RBPE Vol. V, No. 3, Spring 1975.
7. ----------- “The Twilight of Capitalism", RBPE Vol. III, No. 2,1973.
8. ----------- "Black Community and Contemporary Economic Dynamics", RBPE Vol. III No. 2, Winter 1976.
9. Herbert Hill, "Affirmative Action and the Quest for Job Equality", RBPE Vol. VI, No. 3, Spring 1975.
10. Wilfred David, "Black America in Developmental Perspective: Part I", RBPE Vol. III, No. 2, 1973; and "Part II", RBPE, Vol. III, No. 4, Summer 1973.
11. Joseph Seward, "Developmental Economics and Black America: A Reply to Professor David", RBPE, Vol. V, No. 2, Winter 1973.
12. Jiang Shing and David Henley, "Relative Per Capita Income: An Analysis in the Economics of Discrimination", RBPE, Vol. IV, No. 2, Winter 1974.
13. William D. Bradford, "Commercial Banks and Inner City Economic Development: Theory, Comments and the Development of a Model", RBPE, Vol. IV, No. 1, 1973.
14. Andrew Brimmer, "Recent Developments in Black Banking 1970-71", RBPE, Vol. III, No. 1, 1972.
15. David Madway, "Minority Enterprise Financing: Mired or Moving?", RBPE, Vol. III, No. 1, 1972.
16. Joel Bergsman & Melvin Jones, "Modeling Minority Economic Development", RBPE, Vol. IV, No. 1, 1973.
17. Thaddeus Spratlen, "The Black Consumer Response to Black Business", RBPE, Vol. IV, No. 1, 1973.
18. Thomas Sowell, "Race and Market", RBPE, Vol. III, No. 4,1973.
19. Ubadigbo Okonwo, "The Economics of Ethnic Discrimination", RBPE, Vol. Ill, No. 2, 1973.
20. Henry C. Wallich & William J. Dobson, "Economic Models and Black Economic Development" RBPE, Vol. III, No. 1, 1972.

21. William E. Nelson Jr., "Black Political Power and the Decline of Black Land Ownership", RBPE, Vol. III, No. 3, Spring 1978, pp. 253 - 265.
22. Donald Harris, Capitalist Exploitation and Black Labor: Some Conceptual Issues", RBPE, Vol. VII, No. 2, Winter 1978.
23. Cross, Black Capitalism.
24. Earl Ofari, The Myth of Black Capitalism.
25. Arrow, " Models of Job Discrimination", Chapters 2 & 6 in Anthony H. Pascal, (Ed.) Racial Discrimination in Economic Life.
26. Ashenfelter, "Racial Discrimination and Trade Unionism", Journal of Political Economy, 8, May/June 1972.
27. E.S.Phelps, " The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism", American Economic Review Vol. LXIII, Sept. 1972.
28. Welch, Labor Market Discrimination: An Interpretation of Income Differences in the Rural South", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 75, June 1967.
29. Lynn Norment, "Firming UP Affirmative Action", Ebony, Jan. 1980.

CHAPTER III
Contradictions in Urban Development
Weeks 9 - 12

The Structure of the Metropolitan Economy:
Class and Race Relations in the Metropolis
Urban Poverty
Urban Residential Segregation and Housing
Urban Education, Crime and Health

Required Reading: One book from Second Set of Required Readings:

(1) C. Jenks and P. Petersen (eds.) The Urban Underclass, Washington D.C. Brookings Institution, 1996.
(2) Charles Green (ed.), Globalization & Survival in the Black Diaspora: The New Urban Challenge, Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1997.
(3) Stephen Nathan Haynes, Race, Culture and the City: A Pedagogy for Black Urban Struggle, Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1995.

(4) Joan Moore and Raquel Pinderhughes (Eds), In the barrios: Latinos and the Underclass Debate, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1993.

(5) Michael Porter, “The Competitive Advantage of the Inner-City”, Harvar5d Business Review, May-Junje,1995.

(6)Thomas Boston & Catherine Ross (Eds.), “Responses” from The Academy, in The Review of Black Political Economy, Fall 1995/Winter 1996, Vol. 24, No0vember 11995.

(7) William Julius Wilson, When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor

(8) Richard A. Keiser, Subordination & Empowerment: African Leadership and the Struggle for Urban Political Power, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

(9) Stephen Steighis (Ed.) Economic Restructuring & Emerging Pattern Of Industrial Relations

(A.Y.Yansané, “African Americans & The Urban market Place: Case Study of Oakland, Paper given at The Stanford Conference on Race, November, 1999

References:
1. Jay McLeod, Ain’t Making It, Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1987.
2. Donald Harris, "The Black Ghetto as Internal Colony: A Theoretical Critique and Alternative Formulation", RBPE, Vol. ll, No. 4, Summer 1972.
3. William Tabb, The Political Economy of the Black Ghetto.
4. David Gordon, (Ed.) Problems in the Political Economy: An Urban Perspective Read part 2 on "Employment"
5. Karl & Alma Taeuber, Negroes in Cities, Chapters 1, 3, 5, 6.
6. Laurenti, Property Value and Race.
7. Matt Edel & Jerome Rothenberg, Readings in Urban Economics.
8. Karl Taeuber, "The Effect of Income Redistribution on Racial Residential Segregation", Urban Affairs Quarterly Sept. 1966, pp. 5 - 14.
9. Chester Rapkin, "Price Discrimination Against Negroes in the Rental Housing Market" in J.F. Kain, (Ed.) Race and Property, pp. 112 - 121.
10. Martin Bailey, "Effects of Race and Other Demographic Factors on the Value of Single Family Homes", Land Economics, May 1966, pp. 215 - 220.
11. Persky & J.F. Kain, "Migration, Employment and Race in the Deep South", SEJ, January 1970.
12. Piven & Richard Howard, " Desegregated Housing and Who Pays for the Reformers Ideals", in J.F. Kain, Race end Poverty, pp. 175 - 183.
13. Kain & Joe Persky, "Alternatives to the Gilded Ghetto", Public Interest, Winter 1969, in Kain.
14. Matt Edel, "Development vs. Dispersal: Approaches to Ghetto Poverty" in Edel and Rothenburg readings in Urban Economics, pp. 307 - 324.
15. John C. Leggett, Class, Race and Labor.

CONCLUSION:
OUTLOOK IN THE 90's AND 21st CENTURY

References:
1. Charles Green (ed.) Globalization and Survival in the Black Diaspora.
2. "The 80's, What Is Ahead for Blacks: 6 Experts Make Projections in Their Fields", Ebony, January 1980, pp. 27 - 37.
3. "Black Politics: The New Road to Freedom", Ebony Special Issue, August 1984.
4. Yansane, "Africans - African-Americans: Implications for the Future", Mawazo Vol. 1, No.2, May 1983.

VII: OTHER REFERENCES ON POVERTY, DISCRIMINATION, LABOR MARKETS AND BLACK COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT.

Alan Batchelder, The Economics of Poverty, 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1971.
Gary S. Becker, The Economics of Discrimination, 2nd Ed. University of Chicago Press, 1971.
Samuel Bowles & Herbert Gintis, Schooling in Capitalist America. Basic Books, 1976.
Frank G. Davis, The Economics of Black Community Development Markham Press, 1972.
Angela Davis, Women, Race and Class. Random House, 1983.
Raymond Franklin, Political Economy of Racism. Holt, Reinhart and Winston, 1973.
Vernon Dixon et al., Beyond Black and White. Little, Brown & Co., 1971.
David M. Gordon, Theories of Poverty and Under-Employment -- Orthodox, Radical and Dual Labor Market Perspective. Heath & Co., 1972.
Mitchel Gordon, Sick Cities. Penguin Press, 1963.
David Gordon, R. Edwards & M.Reich, Labor Market Segmentation in American Capitalism.
William L. Henderson & Larry C. Ledebur, Economic Disparity -- Problems and Strategies for Black America. Free Press, 1970.
John F. Kain, (Ed.) Race and Poverty. Prentice Hall, 1969.
Jane Jacobs, The Economy of Cities. Vintage Books, 1970; Harper & Row, 1972.
Christopher Jencks, Inequality.
George Joyce & Norman H.P. Giovani, The Black Consumer. Random House, 1971.
Bevars D. Mabry, Economics of Manpower and the Labor Market. Intext Press Inc., 1973.
Arthur M. Okum, The Battle Against Unemployment, rev. ed. W.W. Norton, 1972.
Antony H. Pascal, Racial Discrimination in American Life. Heath & Co.,1972.
Michael Reich, Racial Inequality. Princeton University, 1981.
Arthur M. Ross and Herbert Hill, (Ed.) Employment, Race and Poverty. Harcourt, Brace & World, 1967.
Charles Sackrey, The Political Economy of Urban Poverty. W.W. Norton & Co., 1970.
Frederick D. Sturdivant, (Ed.) The Ghetto Marketplace. Free Press, 1969.
Bradley Schiller, Economics of Poverty and Discrimination. Prentice Hall, 1973
William K. Tabb, The Political Economy of the Black Ghetto. W.W. Norton & Co., 1970.
Lester C. Thurow, Poverty and Discrimination. Brookings Inst., 1969.
William Julius Wilson, The Declining Significance of Race. U. of Chicago, 1978.
F. Weiskoff, "Woman's Place in the Labor Market". American Economic Review, May 1972.
Robert Weaver, The Urban Complex. Anchor Books, 1966.
----------, Dilemmas of Urban America. Harvard U. Press, 1966.

VIII. RELEVANT FOUNDATION READINGS:
St. Clair Drake, Black Folks Here and There. Los Angeles: U.C.L.A. Afro - American Studies Center, 1987.
Thomas Blair, Retreat to the Ghetto. New York: Hill and Wang, 1980.
Frances Fox Piven & Richard A. Cloward, Poor People's Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail. New York: Random House, 1971.
Frances Fox Piven, Regulating the Poor: The Functions of Public Welfare. New York: Random House, 1971.
William Tabb, The Political Economy of the Black Ghetto. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1970.
Michael Harrington, The Other America: Poverty in the United States. Baltimore Md.: Penguin Book 1972.
Carolyn Shaw Bell, The Economics of the Ghetto. New York: Pegasus, 1970.
Frank G. Davis, The Economics of Black Community Development: An Analysis and Program for Autonomous Growth ~ Development Chicago: Markham Pub. Co., 1972.
The American Assembly, Black Economic Development Edited by W.F. Haddad & G. Pugh, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice Hall, 1961.
Douglas Glasgow, The Black Underclass, New York: Vintage Books, 1984.
Thomas Sowell, Race and Economics. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston, 1973.
William Julius Wilson, The Political Economy of Urban Poverty. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1973.
Raymond S. Franklin & Solomon Resnick, The Political Economy of Racism. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1973.
Charles Sackrey, The Political Economy of Urban Poverty. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1973.
Gary S. Becker, The Economics Of Discrimination. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press.
Bradley Schiller, The Economics of Poverty and Discrimination. Brookings Inst., 1973.
John C. Livingstone, Fair Game. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman & Co., 1979.
Whitney Young, Jr., To Be Equal. New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1964.
Samuel Yette, The Choice: The Issue of Black Survival in America. New York Berkeley Medallion Books, 1972.
Frank Riessman, Strategies Against Poverty. New York: Random House, 1969.
Martin N. Bailey & Arthur M. Okun, The Battle Against Unemployment and Inflation, Problems of the Modem Economy. (3rd Ed.) New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1982.
Manning Marable, Black American Politics from the Washington Marches to Jesse Jackson. London: Verso, 1985.
Adolph Reed, The Jesse Jackson Phenomenon: The Crisis of Purpose in American Politics. Haven: Yale U. Press, 1986.
James E. Blackwell, The Black Community: Diversity and Unity. New York: Doubleday & Co., 1982.
Theodore Cross, The Black Power Imperative, Racial Inequality and the Politics of Non-Violence. New York: Faulkner Books, 1986.
George Davis & Clegg Watson, Black Life in Corporate America: Swimming in the Mainstream. New York: Doubleday & Co., 1982.
Douglass Glasgow, The Black Underclass. New York: Vintage Books, 1984.
Manning Marable, How Capitalism Underdeveloped Black America. Boston: South End Press, 1982.
Paul Burnstein, Discrimination, Jobs and Politics: The Struggle for Equal Employment Opportunity in U.S. Since the NOW Deal. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press, 1985.
Joel Dreyfus & Charles Lawrence, The Bakke Case: The Politics of Inequality. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch, 1979.
Charles Murray, Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950 - 1980. New York: Basic Books, 1984.
Robert Staples, The Black Family: Essays and Studies. Belmont CA.: Wadsworth Pub. Co., 1978.

VIII. RELEVANT FOUNDATION READINGS (continued):

Charles Bullock and Charles M. Lamb. (Ed.) Implementation of Civil Rights Policy. Monterey: Brooks/Cole Pub. Co., 1984.
Steven E. Lawson, In Pursuit of Power: Southern Blacks and Electorate Politics 1965 - 1982. New York: Columbia U. Press, 1986.
J. Harvie Wilkinson III, From Brown to Bakke: The Supreme Court & School Integration. New York: Oxford U. Press, 1979.
Stanley Goff & Robert Sanders, Brothers: Black Soldiers in the 'Nam. San Francisco: Presidio Press, 1982.
David Lewis. King, A Biography. Urbana/Chicago: U of Illinois Press, 1978.

San Francisco State University

College of Ethnic Studies

Africana Studies 340

Instructor:A.Yansané
Office: HUM 224 Tuesday 9:00 to 10:00 A.M.
Thursday 9:00 to 10:00 A.M.
Phone: (415) 338-2495

E-mail: aymouke@sfsu.edu
Website: http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~aymouke

Website: http://bss.sfsu.edu/africanstudies

ECONOMICS OF THE BLACK COMMUNITY

The learning outcomes or objectives of the course are many:

1) to study the environment in which economic inequality caused by race has had and continues to have a significant impact in every sphere of American life;

2) to familiarize students with the literature on economic development and assess major figures in African economic profession and their strategies for economic development;

3) to appreciate the complexity of problems of development that confront Blacks in urban inner-city and their achievements;

4) to demonstrate abilities and strategies to overcome individual and collective problems in building on their cultural, political and economic strengths;

5) to develop capacity for critical analysis and synthesis;

6) to be aware of and explore problems of economi9c development of the Black community from different disciplinary perspectives;

7) to integrate and apply knowledge and skills acquired in social sciences in solving problems and making decisions;

8) to introduce students to the literature on Black economic development;

9) to analyze criteria to evaluate current economic status of, and factors and trends affecting Black Americans;

10) to review critically suggested strategies of Black economic progress; and especially provide students with opportunities for doing independent
research.

II. COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Classes will meet Tuesday and Thursday from 14:10-15:25
The requirements to be pursued in fulfilling the passing of this course are threefold:

(1) Two essay examinations will be given: a midterm and a final. (40 percent)

(3) Class participation (10 percent)

(4)Joan Moore and Raquel Pinderhughes (Eds), In the Barrios: Latinos and the Underclass Debate, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1993

IV. BACKGROUND READING

Students not familiar with the life styles and history of Americans of African descent may wish to read one or more of the following:

V. FOUNDATION READINGS

ling, James J. Economics, Politics and American Public Policy, (Armonk, N.y: M.E. Sharpe, 2008).